农村艾滋病患者的社会排斥——以湖北农村的调查为例

通过对湖北部分农村艾滋病患者处境的调查研究,可以分析农村艾滋病患者在制度、法律与政策、经济、社会关系、社会文化等方面遭受社会排斥的状况.由于社会排斥对艾滋病患者、患者家庭及子女、社区以及艾滋病防治工作产生了很大的消极影响,因此,应该制定消除艾滋病患者社会排斥的相关对策.     

Lesotho's highly credentialed teachers: Emergent forms of teacher social becoming

Abstract

This is a qualitative study examining the phenomenon of large numbers of secondary teachers with graduate-level degrees in Lesotho. This article draws upon the concepts of social becoming and resiliency to explore how teachers navigate their social structural environment, which fits the definition of a crisis. This article argues that teachers show high levels of resiliency – even thriving – along with positive and negative coping skills. Coping skills include self-enhancement, negative coping skills such as dissociation, and persistence. Obtaining an advanced degree involves an interplay of positive and negative coping skills, depending on the individual and circumstances. Policy is advocated that recognises and supports teachers as both traditional educators and frontline disaster responders, by drawing upon emergent forms of teacher becoming.     

‘Culturespeak’ is everywhere: an analysis of culturalist narratives in approaches to sexuality education in Mozambique

ABSTRACT

Building on postcolonial feminist scholars and critical anthropological work, this paper analyses the frequent deployment of the notion of ‘culture’ by decision-makers, educators, international agency staff and young people in the design, delivery and uptake of sexuality and HIV prevention education in Mozambique. The paper presents qualitative data gathered in Maputo, Mozambique to highlight the essentialising nature of culturalist assumptions underpinning in-school sexuality education. I argue that conceptions of ‘traditional’ and ‘modern’ culture are deployed to explain the epidemic, both of which spectacularise and decontextualise phenomena and practices, and perpetuate the western trope of the Third World Woman. The paper concludes by arguing that a singular emphasis on ‘culture’ – in its various guises – diverts attention from structural causes of young Mozambican women and men’s vulnerability to HIV and AIDS, and crucially, rather than problematise gender relationships, reifies and solidifies these. Thus, while sexuality and HIV prevention education cannot be understood or delivered independently of the cultural context in which it is situated, a more nuanced conception of culture is required – that is, one that is attentive to questions of power and specifically, who is in a position to make meanings ‘stick’.     

基于拟合函数的艾滋病治疗模型的评价

艾滋病的治疗方法很多,为了能够准确、及时、有效地治疗艾滋病,需要从众多的治疗方案中找到合适的一种,为此利用拟合函数、边际疗效和性价比建立了一个评价艾滋病疗法优劣的数学模型.并利用计算机中的数据库知识对该数学模型进行了分析,使它更接近现实生活中艾滋病的治疗.     

桂林市中医药防治艾滋病试点项目运行现状与思考

桂林市中医药防治艾滋病试点项目(简称项目)于2012年成立。项目的实施,是在不断解决困难和问题的过程中进行的。文章通过总结近几年的实施情况,找出问题,制定改进措施,希望可以更进一步促进项目工作顺利开展。     

‘It’s a dark cloud’: experiences of social undermining among people living with HIV in New Mexico

Social undermining as a strong predictor of adverse health outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH), yet little is known about the experiences that constitute social undermining in this population. We led community-engaged research to identify and understand experiences of social undermining of PLWH in largely rural, minority-majority Southwestern communities. While past research focused on stigma-related experiences, participants in this study also told stories that shared their feelings of being undermined by lack of patient-centered care that they did not attribute to stigma, but to bureaucratic and impersonal service provision that marginalized them. These experiences create stress and serve as barriers for participants’ well-being and care. By bringing to the front experiences and mechanisms of social undermining, these findings advance theory, research, and practice regarding social undermining and living with HIV in diverse communities.     

艾滋病社会救济问题研究

随着艾滋病在我国的蔓延,对艾滋病人的救济也提上日程,它反映出一个国家和社会对＂艾滋人群＂的人文关怀和预防艾滋病的理念、价值和政策,目前我国对艾滋病的社会救济环境与其他国家相比还有很大的差距.因此,完善社会救济和法律政策环境,加强对艾滋人群的救济,既体现了社会的关怀又对有效预防艾滋病有着积极的意义.     

Communication in the management of uncertainty: The case of persons living with HIV or AIDS

Communication is a means of managing uncertainty. In a state of uncertainty: (a) information seeking can reduce uncertainty by allowing for better discrimination between or among alternatives; (b) information seeking can increase uncertainty by increasing the number of alternatives, or by blurring the distinction between or among alternatives; and (c) information avoidance can maintain uncertainty. Individuals living with HIV or AIDS, like many other chronically‐ill or terminally‐ill individuals, must manage high levels of uncertainty about their illness. Participants in a focus group study of persons with HIV or AIDS reported effective uncertainty management, including managing uncertainty that was challenging, managing uncertainty that was essential for maintaining hope, learning to live with chronic uncertainty, and managing information problems. New information can serve uncertainty management even if it fails to reduce the number or ambiguity of alternatives, because new information can invite a reappraisal of uncertainty. A theory of uncertainty management based on these findings is offered.     

Unspeakable PrEP: a qualitative study of sexual communication,problematic integration,and uncertainty management among men who have sex with men in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

This study explored how men who have sex with men (MSM) communicated their use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on smartphone applications. Informed by the theory of problematic integration and uncertainty management, we asked if revealing ‘HIV negative, on PrEP’ status on smartphone applications might increase one's uncertainty in communicating about safe sex with others. We conducted interviews with 31 Taiwanese MSM currently taking PrEP who participated in a national demonstration project. We identified three types of PrEP-related uncertainty: condition, information, and stigma uncertainty. Applied implications of our findings indicate the importance of the feasibility of medical infrastructure in implementing PrEP, the complication in translating scientific and medical jargon into everyday language, and dynamics of negotiating stigmas associated with HIV and AIDS in the context of HIV prevention.     

中西方艾滋病广告中的女性形象对比研究

艾滋病公益广告中的女性形象在西方发达国家和中国大陆之间存在着极大的差异.西方艾滋病公益广告中,女性形象多用真人女性扮演,不少广告内容大胆、火爆而奇异.中国大陆艾滋病公益广告里,女性形象模糊而抽象,多用符号替代.中西方的艾滋病广告从主题到广告表现形成迥然不同的风格,与艾滋病的国情差异及中西方不同的文化背景有关.