Supporting Women Distance Learners in Tanzania

This paper examines the kind of support women need to pursue distance learning successfully in a developing country context such as Tanzania. The paper shows that there are factors that make studying more difficult for women than for men. While the distance teaching institution has an important role to play in promoting learning, both the learner and the immediate social environment have a part to play in the student's success. A holistic approach is therefore necessary if effective support is to be realised. The paper ends with recommendations for improved practice.     

高职院校学生艾滋病知识和态度的调查及启示

调查表明,高职院校学生对艾滋病病原、致病机理、传播途径及艾滋病在我国的流行情况等方面有较高的认知水平,但在对待艾滋病患者的态度上,有相当一部分学生持鄙视的态度或觉得“令人恐惧”,提示我们应加强艾滋病的健康教育,以增进大学生艾滋病预防知识,改善其对待艾滋病患者的态度。     

Educating women about HIV/AIDS: some international comparisons

This paper describes current trends in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It looks at issues and strategies involved in educating women about HIV/AIDS in the context of the global pandemic, focusing particularly on Canada and Vietnam. These strategies are essential steps in preventing the spread of HIV and in caring for those who have already developed AIDS. The strategies identified include the formulation of public policy within Canada, Vietnam, and the UK which would strive to eliminate inequality and discrimination, while at the same time positioning HIV/AIDS education within a gender‐sensitive perspective. Other educational strategies include teaching women how to practise negotiated safety while understanding the power dynamics within which safer sex must occur, being sensitive to local cultures and moving away from individualistic programmes towards programmes that focus on structural inequalities.     

The door‐in‐the‐face compliance strategy: An individual differences analysis of two models in an AIDS fundraising context

This study examined the reciprocal concessions and self‐presentation accounts of the door‐in‐the‐face (DITF) compliance strategy within a fundraising context. Subjects were classified as low or high in exchange orientation, and as low or high in approval motivation on the basis of a pretest questionnaire. As predicted on the basis of reciprocal concessions theory, a significant interaction was obtained between exchange‐orientation and message strategy. For high exchange‐oriented subjects, the DITF message strategy substantially increased compliance rates, relative to the single‐request control message. However, low exchange‐oriented subjects were actually more charitable in response to the control message. Analysis of a post‐treatment measure of obligation to the requestor revealed that obligation could account for less than half of the interaction effect, a finding which is inconsistent with concessions theory. Self‐presentation theory suggests that DITF should work best when directed toward targets who are high in their approval motivation, but this hypothesized interaction between approval motivation and message strategy did not materialize.     

旅游区流动人口高危行为的控制与管理初步研究

随着旅游业迅速发展，旅游区流动人口也迅速增加，流动人口中某些人群由于经济的、社会的、个体特征等原因，产生高危行为，在某种程度上加快了STD、HIV／AIDS的传播等，成为一个严重的社会问题。对此问题应加强研究，构建关联分析模式；加强宣传教育，提高经营管理、流动人口对高危行为、HIV／AIDS的认识水平，自觉抵制、杜绝高危行为，促进流动人口身心健康；既从“人本主义”出发多给予流动人口以关心、关怀，又要加强政府政法手段，从“软”“硬”两方面遏制流动人口高危行为及相关后果，促进旅游业能健康、持续发展。     

艾滋病污名研究述评

艾滋病污名是影响艾滋病预防、治疗及艾滋病患者生活质量的重要因素。文章从艾滋病污名的概念、理论、研究方法及干预措施等几个方面，回顾了国外近20几年来研究者关于艾滋病污名的研究脉络，在此基础上，提出了今后有待研究的五个问题。     

某高校医学生艾滋病知识来源与态度调查分析

目的：了解高校医学生艾滋病知识的获得途径及其对艾滋病的态度。方法：采用问卷调查方法对某高校医学生作抽样调查。结果：报刊杂志、广播电视、朋友同学、教师与教材是高校医学生获得艾滋病知识的主要途径，其中报刊杂志、电视、老师讲课是他们最喜爱的方式，生病打针时针具消毒不严格与周围有HIV感染者存在是医学生担心自己被HIV感染的主要原因，大多数医学生的求医行为正确，但部分学生对艾滋病的心理随能力差，心理复杂，对HIV感染者或艾滋病病人的态度也不太理想。结论：在对高校医学生进行艾滋病健康教育时，要充分利用其喜爱接受方式，加强医学生的患病行为的指导和行为道德的教育力度，加强心理健康教育。     

基于女性性别脆弱性分析的艾滋病防治对策

文章在以云南省艾滋病人口分性别进行研究的基础上，提出基于女性性别脆弱性的艾滋病防治对策，对于减少女性人口在面对艾滋病时的脆弱性，提高艾滋病防治的效率具有重要的意义。     

HIV/AIDS and Subaltern Autonomous Rationality: A Call to Recenter Health Communication in Marginalized Sex Worker Spaces

Sex workers in India constitute a marginalized population. They are considered at high risk of HIV/AIDS and are stigmatized for “selling sex” in a culture that generally censures sex outside marriage. HIV/AIDS initiatives targeted at this population have mostly adhered to promoting condom use, increasing awareness, and encouraging blood tests to screen for HIV/AIDS. Missing from this discourse are voices of sex workers and their autonomous consciousness. Based on an analysis of interview data from an eight-week field project, this paper seeks to centralize sex worker subaltern rationality in a call to reframe expert-led HIV/AIDS communication efforts that cater to sex worker communities.     

AIDS Treatments Efficiency Analysis Based on Cost Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis Model

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS),caused by infection of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), is one of the fatal diseases that have spreadacross the world since it first occurred. In 2003, fol-lowing a joint survey with World Health Organization( …