图式理论与英语听力教学

为了提高英语听力教学效果，教师在培养学生语言能力的同时，要重视启发和训练学生运用图式理论以提高听力水平。本文以图式理论为理论框架，分析了听力理解的认知机制，并在此基础上探讨了图式理论在促进听力教学中的具体运用。     

Visual and orthographic information in learning to read and the influence of phonics instruction

In the Jackson and Coltheart theory of acquisition of word reading it is claimed that, near the beginning of the partial alphabetic phase of development, children have full use of abstract letter units (ALUs). This claim and less exclusive alternatives were examined. In Experiment 1, normal progress children with on average 9 months of school reading instruction, either with or without explicit phonics, read with moderate accuracy (orthographically) familiar words in upper-case letters (e.g., AND) that are visually dissimilar from their lower-case forms. Lower-case forms were read with greater accuracy but only for familiar words, there being no letter-case effect for less familiar words. Children with explicit phonics showed less impairment in reading accuracy when words were presented in upper-case form than children without such phonics. Children with on average 22 months of instruction, in Experiment 2, read relatively unfamiliar words that required some phonological mediation. Those without explicit phonics instruction read words with digraphs in unfamiliar upper case less accurately than in lower case, while those with explicit phonics showed no such letter-case difference. The results supported the view that children do not have full use of ALUs in early alphabetic reading, both children with and without explicit phonics to some extent using letter identities specific to lower case for representation of familiar words.     

Proofs and refutations in the undergraduate mathematics classroom

In his 1976 book, Proofs and Refutations, Lakatos presents a collection of case studies to illustrate methods of mathematical discovery in the history of mathematics. In this paper, we reframe these methods in ways that we have found make them more amenable for use as a framework for research on learning and teaching mathematics. We present an episode from an undergraduate abstract algebra classroom to illustrate the guided reinvention of mathematics through processes that strongly parallel those described by Lakatos. Our analysis suggests that the constructs described by Lakatos can provide a useful framework for making sense of the mathematical activity in classrooms where students are actively engaged in the development of mathematical ideas and provide design heuristics for instructional approaches that support the learning of mathematics through the process of guided reinvention.     

基于语义的智能多媒体信息检索技术研究

面对海量的多媒体数据,缺乏有效的信息检索手段。为了提高多媒体信息检索智能化程度和准确率,必须实现语义检索。本文借助于多媒体元数据标准MPEG-7和资源描述框架模式RDFS,研究构建基于RDFS的MPEG-7语义元数据通用参考模型的方法,并提出了基于语义的智能多媒体信息检索系统框架。