Principles of evolutionary educational psychology

Evolutionary educational psychology is the study of the relation between evolved systems of folk knowledge and inferential and attributional biases as these relate to academic learning in modern society. Following discussion and illustration of the mechanisms of natural selection and their application to human motivational, cognitive, and behavioral evolution, the basic premises and principles of evolutionary educational psychology are outlined. The gist is that the evolved cognitive systems and inferential biases that define folk knowledge are not sufficient for academic learning, but, at the same time, are the foundation from which academic competencies are built. A theoretical frame outlining the relation between folk knowledge and academic development is proposed and implications for motivational issues and instructional practices are detailed.     

高职院校贫困生感恩诚信教育的创新思考

近几年来高校贫困生的感恩意识淡薄现象已成为社会关注的一个焦点。高校思想教育工作者要加强对大学生社会主义核心价值观的教育,针对不同层次的群体有针对性地进行教育和引导,加强大学生感恩意识的培养,建立和完善大学生诚信档案,本文对感恩诚信教育存在的问题进行剖析并提出相应的解决对策。     

我国科研诚信状况浅析——以国家自然科学基金委员会处理学术不端案件为例

学术不端恶性事件的频频曝光引起世界对科研诚信的高度关注。本文从国内外媒体对我国学术造假情况的报道和国家自然科学基金委员会查处学术不端案件情况入手,通过对比分析中美两国科研诚信状况的调查数据,浅析了我国当前科研诚信的状况。作者认为,客观报道我国科研诚信状况,更有利于促进我国科学事业的健康发展。     

A heuristic hierarchical scheme for academic search and retrieval

We present PubSearch, a hybrid heuristic scheme for re-ranking academic papers retrieved from standard digital libraries such as the ACM Portal. The scheme is based on the hierarchical combination of a custom implementation of the term frequency heuristic, a time-depreciated citation score and a graph-theoretic computed score that relates the paper’s index terms with each other. We designed and developed a meta-search engine that submits user queries to standard digital repositories of academic publications and re-ranks the repository results using the hierarchical heuristic scheme. We evaluate our proposed re-ranking scheme via user feedback against the results of ACM Portal on a total of 58 different user queries specified from 15 different users. The results show that our proposed scheme significantly outperforms ACM Portal in terms of retrieval precision as measured by most common metrics in Information Retrieval including Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG), Expected Reciprocal Rank (ERR) as well as a newly introduced lexicographic rule (LEX) of ranking search results. In particular, PubSearch outperforms ACM Portal by more than 77% in terms of ERR, by more than 11% in terms of NDCG, and by more than 907.5% in terms of LEX. We also re-rank the top-10 results of a subset of the original 58 user queries produced by Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search, and ArnetMiner; the results show that PubSearch compares very well against these search engines as well. The proposed scheme can be easily plugged in any existing search engine for retrieval of academic publications.     

Breaking the Ivory Tower: Academic Entrepreneurship in the Life Sciences in UK and Germany

We examine engagement in commercial activities (consulting, patenting, and founding) among more than 2200 German and UK life scientists. We test hypotheses that include attributes of individuals, their material and social resources, and perceptions about values and reputation. We find that characteristics reflecting professional security, advantage and productivity are strong predictors for a greater breadth of participation in academic entrepreneurship, but not for all forms of technology transfer that we are able to test. For such academics, science and commerce go hand in hand, as they are best poised to straddle the boundary between industry and academy. We find strong support, however, that scientists perceive the value of patenting differently, and the level of reputational importance placed on scientific compared to commercial achievements matters in shaping commercial involvement.     

职业卫生学期刊发展现状分析

【目的】 了解我国职业卫生学期刊的发展特征和学科影响力,以期更好地为职业卫生期刊的发展服务。【方法】 收集7种职业卫生学期刊的基本情况、评价指标和国内科技核心期刊评价体系评价结果,并对其进行相关分析。【结果】 我国职业卫生学期刊具有网络化建设落后,国际化程度不高,大部分评价指标差距较明显且落后于我国其他类型期刊的特点。【结论】 我国职业卫生学期刊应以扩大期刊普及面、加强期刊网络化建设和提高期刊国际影响力为今后的发展方向,同时国家应加大相应的政策支持力度。     

运用Web of Science做好英文科技期刊的自我评价

【目的】 探索我国英文科技期刊如何更好地利用Web of Science(WoS)数据库平台做好期刊的学术影响力指标跟踪及国际化程度评估。【方法】 以Journal of Bionic Engineering及同领域的竞争期刊为例,探讨运用WoS的自动统计分析功能进行科技期刊学术影响力指标跟踪和期刊国际化程度评估的新方法。【结果】 利用WoS的自动统计分析功能可以快速、准确地做好科技期刊的学术影响力指标跟踪及期刊国际化程度评估,帮助期刊编辑部查找不足,从而适时地调整办刊策略。【结论】 高效运用WoS等网络新兴工具可以更好地为我国科技期刊的国际化助力。     

学术文献开放访问和图书馆的应对策略

“开放访问”是近年来兴起的,目的是通过自归档和开放访问期刊等模式,促使学术论文经因特网向全社会免费开放。它具有提供全文、提供网络典藏、免费访问使用、没有授权限制、质量高等特征。参考文献12。     

高校图书馆在信息素养教育中的作用

本文简述了信息素养教育的概念、标准和必要性，并对信息素养教育的主要内容和高校图书馆在信息素养教育中的重要作用进行了探讨。     

The ethics of academic collection development in a politically contentious era

The ethics of academic library collection development are discussed within the context of the polarized political climate of the United States. The ethics are examined in regard to collection development and the exercise of professional judgment. Legislation introduced in the State of Colorado is used as an example of a manifestation of the political polarization. The legislation's possible effects upon the academic freedom of librarians are examined. The limitations of the ethical principle of neutrality and rationale for engaging in advocacy are explored. An expansion of the teaching role of academic technical services librarians is recommended.