发电企业防范知识型员工流失的管理策略

随着国内电力市场化改革的逐步深入,知识型员工作为掌握专业技术知识的人才,日益成为企业间争夺的对象.本文探讨了知识型员工的特点,并由此入手分析了知识型员工流失的原因,提出了一套变管理为服务的制度以及防范该类员工流失可能对企业造成损失的措施.     

植物生长调节剂在作物生产中的安全使用

植物生长调节剂已广泛应用于农作物生产中，能有效改善作物生长状况，提高产品产量和品质，但使用不当也会造成严重的药害。在实际生产中要注意安全使用植物生长调节剂，根据作物品种和使用目标，来选择植物生长调节剂的类型，严格控制浓度及施用方法、时间和次数，从而充分发挥植物生长调节剂的效果。     

First-rib stress fracture in two adolescent swimmers: a case report

First-rib stress fractures have been described in adolescent athletes in various sports, with only one prior case report of first-rib stress fractures in an adolescent female swimmer. There is a need for research on the cause, management, and prevention of these injuries as they lead to significant morbidity and critical time away from sport for these aspiring athletes. We aimed to describe first-rib stress fractures as a potential cause for non-specific atraumatic chronic shoulder pain in adolescent swimmers and to discuss the different presentations, unique risk factors, treatment, and potential injury prevention strategies of such fractures. We discussed two such cases which were successfully treated with activity modification with restriction of all overhead activity, gradually progressive physical therapy and a return to swimming protocol. First-rib stress fractures can vary in presentation and should be in the differential diagnosis in adolescent swimmers with chronic shoulder pain. These injuries can be successfully managed with rest from overhead activities and physical therapy. Gradual return to competitive swimming can be achieved even with non-union of a first-rib stress fracture. Emphasis on balanced strength training in different muscle groups and proper swimming technique is essential to prevent these injuries.     

Ankle and knee kinetics between strike patterns at common training speeds in competitive male runners

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of foot strike and common speeds on sagittal plane ankle and knee joint kinetics in competitive rear foot strike (RFS) runners when running with a RFS pattern and an imposed forefoot strike (FFS) pattern. Sixteen competitive habitual male RFS runners ran at two different speeds (i.e. 8 and 6?min?mile^?1) using their habitual RFS and an imposed FFS pattern. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess a potential interaction between strike pattern and speed for selected ground reaction force (GRF) variables and, sagittal plane ankle and knee kinematic and kinetic variables. No foot strike and speed interaction was observed for any of the kinetic variables. Habitual RFS yielded a greater loading rate of the vertical GRF, peak ankle dorsiflexor moment, peak knee extensor moment, peak knee eccentric extensor power, peak dorsiflexion and sagittal plane knee range of motion compared to imposed FFS. Imposed FFS yielded greater maximum vertical GRF, peak ankle plantarflexor moment, peak ankle eccentric plantarflexor power and sagittal plane ankle ROM compared to habitual RFS. Consistent with previous literature, imposed FFS in habitual RFS reduces eccentric knee extensor and ankle dorsiflexor involvement but produce greater eccentric ankle plantarflexor action compared to RFS. These acute differences between strike patterns were independent of running speeds equivalent to typical easy and hard training runs in competitive male runners. Current findings along with previous literature suggest differences in lower extremity kinetics between habitual RFS and imposed FFS running are consistent among a variety of runner populations.     

Effect of gender on trunk and pelvis control during lateral movements with perturbed landing

In lateral reactive movements, core stability may influence knee and hip joint kinematics and kinetics. Insufficient core stabilisation is discussed as a major risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Due to the higher probability of ACL injuries in women, this study concentrates on how gender influences trunk, pelvis and leg kinematics during lateral reactive jumps (LRJs). Perturbations were investigated in 12 men and 12 women performing LRJs under three different landing conditions: a movable landing platform was programmed to slide, resist or counteract upon landing. Potential group effects on three-dimensional trunk, pelvic, hip and knee kinematics were analysed for initial contact (IC) and the time of peak pelvic medial tilt (PPT). Regardless of landing conditions, the joint excursions in the entire lower limb joints were gender-specific. Women exhibited higher trunk left axial rotation at PPT (women: 4.0 ± 7.5°, men: ?3.1 ± 8.2°; p = 0.011) and higher hip external rotation at both IC and PPT (p < 0.01). But women demonstrated higher knee abduction compared to men. Men demonstrated more medial pelvic tilt at IC and especially PPT (men: –5.8 ± 4.9°, women: 0.3 ± 6.3°; p = 0.015). Strategies for maintaining trunk, pelvis and lower limb alignment during lateral reactive movements were gender-specific; the trunk and hip rotations displayed by the women were associated with the higher knee abduction amplitudes and therefore might reflect a movement strategy which is associated with higher injury risk. However, training interventions are needed to fully understand how gender-specific core stability strategies are related to performance and knee injury.     

健美操运动损伤之初探

近年来，我国健美操运动如雨后春笋迅速发展，但起步较晚，又受物质条件及其科研工作滞后等因素影响；训练中常出现各种损伤，影响了运动技术水平的提高和受训学生的身心健康，通过对武汉体院122名健美操专选班学生参加健美操训练的调查，探索研究了健美操运动损伤规律及预防措施，为受训学生创造最佳成绩，最大限度延长其运动年限，减少伤病事故发生，以及为体育院校顺利完成健美操专业训练课程及其选修课程提供参考依据。     

运动损伤的机体康复与心理恢复

运动损伤在体育教学和训练中经常发生，本就如何科学的进行机体康复和心理恢复进行了描述，旨在使伤早日康复。     

教育神经科学研究进展

教育神经科学通过探索有关学习的脑机制,为学习科学研究提供生理学研究视角。文章首先对教育神经科学的内涵、发展及脑功能成像技术进行简要的介绍;继而对教育神经科学的主要研究内容进行论述,包括脑的功能结构与发展研究、语言学习的脑机制研究、数学学习的脑机制研究,以及情绪发展的脑机制研究;最后,描述了教育神经科学面临的困境,并提出教育神经科学未来的研究方向。     

铁路旅客人身损害“限额赔偿”制度的探究

铁路运输人身损害之限额赔偿,是指在铁路运输过程中发生了铁路行车事故及其他铁路运营事故造成的人身损害时,铁路运输企业应赔偿的最高数额。适用该制度具有合理性,亦符合铁路运输行业的公共利益属性和高危性。不少国家和地区已经在立法中明确规定了这一制度。我国未来立法时,应以铁路运输企业的过错程度决定是否适用限额赔偿,同时明确限额赔偿的具体标准,建立动态调整机制,此外还应建立健全相应的保险机制。     

泉州师院学生运动损伤的现状调查与分析

对泉州师院学生在体育活动中的运动损伤的现状进行了调查分析，结果表明：篮、排、足三大球是运动损伤的主要项目；课外体育活动是运动损伤的主要高发时段；技术动作不正确、准备活动不充分和局部负荷过大等是造成运动损伤的主要原因，并指出：提高学生的运动技术技能水平，加强运动保健知识的教育是预防或减轻大学生运动损伤的重要方法。