The use of augmented reality to foster conceptual knowledge acquisition in STEM laboratory courses—Theoretical background and empirical results

Learning with hands-on experiments can be supported by providing essential information virtually during lab work. Augmented reality (AR) appears especially suitable for presenting information during experimentation, as it can be used to integrate both physical and virtual lab work. Virtual information can be displayed in close spatial proximity to the correspondent components in the experimentation environment, thereby ensuring a basic design principle for multimedia instruction: the spatial contiguity principle. The latter is assumed to reduce learners' extraneous cognitive load and foster generative processing, which supports conceptual knowledge acquisition. For the present study, a tablet-based AR application has been developed to support learning from hands-on experiments in physics education. Real-time measurement data were displayed directly above the components of electric circuits, which were constructed by the learners during lab work. In a two group pretest–posttest design, we compared university students' (N = 50) perceived cognitive load and conceptual knowledge gain for both the AR-supported and a matching non-AR learning environment. Whereas participants in both conditions gave comparable ratings for cognitive load, learning gains in conceptual knowledge were only detectable for the AR-supported lab work.     

谈大学英语教学中"主动性学习"及应用

本文主要针对在大学英语教学过程当中传统教学的一些弊端 ,通过“主动性学习”与传统教学及趣味教学作比较 ,揭示学生学习兴趣的根本来源 ,探讨了“主动性学习”重要性和如何在英语教学当中激励学生进行“主动性学习”     

Storylines in the physics teaching content of an upper secondary school classroom

ABSTRACT

Background: Physics is often seen as a discipline with difficult content, and one that is difficult to identify with. Socialisation processes at the upper secondary school level are of particular interest as these may be linked to the subsequent low and uneven participation in university physics. Focusing on how norms are construed in physics classrooms in upper secondary school is therefore relevant.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify discursive patterns in teacher–student interactions in physics classrooms.

Design and methods: Three different physics lessons with one class of students taught by three different teachers in upper secondary school were video-recorded. Positioning theory was used to analyse classroom interaction with a specific focus on how physics was positioned.

Results: We identified seven different storylines. Four of them (‘reaching a solution to textbook problems’, ‘discussing physics concepts in order to gain better understanding’, ‘doing empirical enquiry’ and ‘preparing for the upcoming exam’) represent what teaching physics in an upper secondary school classroom can be. The last three storylines (‘mastering physics’, ‘appreciating physics’ and ‘having a feeling for physics’) all concern how students are supposed to relate to physics and, thus, become ‘insiders’ in the discipline.

Conclusions: The identification and analysis of storylines raises awareness of the choices teachers make in physics education and their potential consequences for students. For example, in the storyline of mastering physics a good physics student is associated with ‘smartness’, which might make the classroom a less secure place in general. Variation and diversity in the storylines construed in teaching can potentially contribute to a more inclusive physics education.     

碳酸氢铵法制备活性氧化锌的理论研究

研究了用碳酸氢铵法由次氧化锌制备活性氧化锌的热力学，中间体碱式碳酸锌的主要组成，碱式碳酸锌热分解的温度及形貌。     

Promoting active student learning in strength of materials with the aid of CAI

The objective of this paper is to discuss how active student learning is possible with the aid of a CAI package for a subject such as Strength of Materials. Multimedia is the latest innovation that can be utilized to improve learning. In this study, multimedia components such as hypertext, sound, graphics, video, and animation are implemented in a CAI package. These capabilities can capture students' attention, and can also illustrate the application of knowledge to real world problems more effectively than traditional teaching methods. The other features of this package include guided examples, theory, and application tests. Guided examples show the students problem solving techniques, and provide feedback according to their responses. The theory and application tests enable the teacher to gauge the students' understanding of the subject matter. Students who do well in the theory test are eligible to attempt the application test, which poses real-world engineering problems. The lesson that can be concluded from this study is that students' problem solving skills can be improved with the aid of CAI which emphasizes anchored instructions. However, to achieve maximum benefit, students also need to possess independent learning skills.     

理论生物物理学展望

本文首先从物理学谈起,在充分考虑物理学和生命科学关系的基础上,引入理论生物物理的概念,然后从宏观和微观角度介绍了理论生物物理的发展状况和研究内容,重点介绍了对神经网络、脑、核酸、蛋白质的研究现状,指明了当前该领域研究的方向,所用的方法以及取得的成果,最后对研究的前景作了比较客观的预测.     

面向海洋类专业的《数学物理方法》课程思考

数学物理方法作为海洋类专业的学科基础课,其主要任务是把海洋现象抽象为数学问题,运用所学的数学方法求解,然后理解其物理意义。但目前多数涉海院校在该课程的教学内容及教学安排上均存在一些值得思考与改进的地方。本文介绍了数学物理方法的教学内容及课程设置目标,在分析讨论目前教学过程中存在的问题的基础上,针对海洋科学的专业需求,给出了数学物理方法课程内容设置在面向海洋学专业学生教学时的几点思考与建议。     

Study on the distribution of active centers in novel low Ti-loading MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst

Novel MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta (Z-N) catalysts prepared using a new one-pot ball milling method caneffectively control the amounts of Ti-loading in the catalysts. Complex GPC data on polypropylene synthesized by thesenovel catalysts were analyzed using the method of fitting the molecular weight distribution (MWD) curves with a multipleFlory-Schulz function. It was found that multiple active centers exist in these novel catalysts. Detailed study of the effects ofthe Ti-loadings in the catalysts on the distribution of the active centers showed that the Ti-loadings in the novelMgCl2-supported Z-N catalysts might affect the proportion of each type of active centers; and might be the main factorresponsible for the effect of the Ti-loadings on the microstructure, the molecular weight and molecular weight distributionwidth of the resultant polymer, the catalytic activity and polymerization kinetics.     

Aligning professional skills and active learning methods: an application for information and communications technology engineering

Engineering education is facing new challenges to effectively provide the appropriate skills to future engineering professionals according to market demands. This study proposes a model based on active learning methods, which is expected to facilitate the acquisition of the professional skills most highly valued in the information and communications technology (ICT) market. The theoretical foundations of the study are based on the specific literature on active learning methodologies. The Delphi method is used to establish the fit between learning methods and generic skills required by the ICT sector. An innovative proposition is therefore presented that groups the required skills in relation to the teaching method that best develops them. The qualitative research suggests that a combination of project-based learning and the learning contract is sufficient to ensure a satisfactory skills level for this profile of engineers.     

开放教育《大学物理》课程教学模式

教学模式是为实现一定的教学目标,将教学诸要素以特定的方式组合而成具有相对稳定的有机结构和可操作性程序的教学活动模型。笔者从开放教育《大学物理》的教学实践和理论研究中探索出基于现代远程教育环境下的课程“423”(即导学的四个环节、自学的二个方面、助学的三种方式)教学模式。