Using Information Visualization to Support Access to Archival Records

ABSTRACT

As more archival metadata and archival records become available online, providing effective interfaces to those materials is increasingly important to give users access. This article describes five approaches from the hypertext and visualization research communities which can be used to improve such access: (1) navigating hierarchical structures, (2) illustrating networks of relationships, (3) viewing organizational processes, (4) using time and space as organizing structures, and (5) spatializing arguments and discussions. This article addresses particular challenges in applying these visualization techniques to archival records and considers novel challenges introduced by them for both archival organization and for visualization research.     

Vocal and visual cue training in behavioral lie detection

The present study tested the effect of training observers to detect deception using different behavioral cues. Participants were trained to detect deception using either:(1) vocal‐only cues, (2) visual‐only cues, or (3) a combination of vocal and visual cues. A fourth group of observers did not receive any training and served as a control. Results indicated that trained observers were more successful than untrained observers in detecting deceptive communication. More specifically, observers trained to use either visual or both visual and vocal cues were more accurate detectors of deception than untrained naive observers. No differences were found between training conditions with respect to determining the veracity of truthful communication.     

Inquiry Learning in the Singaporean Context: Factors affecting student interest in school science

Recent research reveals that students' interest in school science begins to decline at an early age. As this lack of interest could result in fewer individuals qualified for scientific careers and a population unprepared to engage with scientific societal issues, it is imperative to investigate ways in which interest in school science can be increased. Studies have suggested that inquiry learning is one way to increase interest in science. Inquiry learning forms the core of the primary syllabus in Singapore; as such, we examine how inquiry practices may shape students' perceptions of science and school science. This study investigates how classroom inquiry activities relate to students' interest in school science. Data were collected from 425 grade 4 students who responded to a questionnaire and 27 students who participated in follow-up focus group interviews conducted in 14 classrooms in Singapore. Results indicate that students have a high interest in science class. Additionally, self-efficacy and leisure-time science activities, but not gender, were significantly associated with an increased interest in school science. Interestingly, while hands-on activities are viewed as fun and interesting, connecting learning to real-life and discussing ideas with their peers had a greater relation to student interest in school science. These findings suggest that inquiry learning can increase Singaporean students' interest in school science; however, simply engaging students in hands-on activities is insufficient. Instead, student interest may be increased by ensuring that classroom activities emphasize the everyday applications of science and allow for peer discussion.     

Social class,ethnicity and educational performance

This study draws on information derived from the Census and from pupil records to explore the relationships between the backgrounds and GCSE performance of the 1998/99 GCSE cohort of pupils in an Inner London borough. It provides evidence of substantial differences between the backgrounds of pupils attending different schools and of a strong relationship between these differences and differences in the GCSE performance of schools. This is followed by discussion of the methodological implications of the use of Census data for further research.     

Teacher‐Student Verbal Interaction and Questioning,Class Size and Bilingual Students' Academic Performance

This article is a result of a small-scale study with the purpose of investigating teacher-student verbal interactions and questioning and students' curriculum-related performance in small and large mainstream classes. In mainstream classes the bilingual students were taught together with their monolingual Norwegian peers. The study shows that there are inter-group and intra-group differences with respect to: (i) teacher-student verbal interaction; (ii) academic questioning; (iii) curriculum-related performance of students in small classes compared with large classes. The bilingual minority students in general, and bilingual minority girls in particular, benefit from civics lessons in small classes more than they do in large classes. It is suggested that by creating rich possibilities for teacher-student verbal interaction and curriculum-oriented academic questioning, small classes can provide conditions for better academic performance in content area subjects, i.e. civics, for bilingual students in general and bilingual girls in particular than do large classes.     

基础学科拔尖创新人才培养的探索与实践——以北京航空航天大学为例

基础学科本科生是我国基础研究队伍的重要基础,其培养质量直接关系到研究生的质量,进而影响我国基础研究队伍的水平。北京航空航天大学与中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院联手打造的"华罗庚数学实验班"旨在突破工科思维,探讨理科拔尖人才成长的基本规律;依托工科优势,探索理科拔尖人才培养的有效途径;体现行业特色,全面提升北京航空航天大学理科人才的培养质量,充分依托与中科院的合作平台,探索适合工科学校基础学科拔尖人才培养的运行机制,力争在3年内把"华罗庚数学实验班"建设成为"国家理科人才培养基地"。     

对国内外《高等无机化学》教材的比较与思考

本文从发展历程、教材内容、教材目标等方面对国内外出版的《高等无机化学》教材进行了分析和比较。在此基础上,对研究生化学教育的本质进行了一些思考,进而对《高等无机化学》教材的改革与建设提出了建议,旨在编写出适应我国研究生教育改革和发展的高等教育教材。     

HSK高等考试信度的多元概化理论研究

本研究运用多元概化理论对HSK高等考试客观卷的信度、试卷结构、测验总分的合成、试题预测方式的改进等问题进行探讨,结果表明:(1)HSK高等考试客观卷的总体及各部分信度都较好,且测验总分的合成是合理的;(2)测验各部分内容对全域总分方差分量的贡献比例与预设的赋分比例基本一致,试卷结构较为合理;(3)在适当减少各部分题量的情况下测验的信度仍较高,今后可以考虑在正式考试中进行试题预测。     

论高级英语研究性教学中教师引导作用的发挥

高级英语的课堂教学改革以建构主义教学理论为依据,强调学生学习的主动性和语言学习的情境性,同时坚持教师的引导作用的发挥。课改在坚持小组备课---学生授课的基础上,结合第一阶段问卷调查的分析论证结果和对第二阶段的改进建议,加强了教师在课堂上的引导作用。第二阶段教改结束后,再一次向80名大三本科生发放调查问卷,结果表明学生们对于教师提问、同学互问以及在内容上侧重文章中的人文关怀都很支持。本文总结了高级英语的研究性教学第二阶段的特点,并强调了不容忽视的教师的引导作用,提出了高效发挥教师引导作用的建议。