注意分配与动作技术完成质量的研究

通过分析技术动作的构成以及注意分配与各注意品质的关系，研究了完成体育技术动作过程中的注意分配。结果表明，注意分配是完成技术动作过程中不可缺少的一种注意品质；提高运动员的注意分配能力对完成动作的协调性、节奏性以及加快反应都有着重要的作用。     

规则修改对中级别散打运动员进攻组合技术运用的影响

运用文献资料、观摩等研究方法,对分别在散打规则修改前后进行的2003年与2004年两次全国锦标赛中中级别运动员运用的组合技术进行了统计,分析探讨规则修改后对中级别运动员组合技术运用的影响。结果发现:从总体来看,规则修改有效地增进了中级别散打比赛的激烈程度,提高了观赏的价值,基本达到了修改规则的目的;规则修改后,中级别散打运动员运用2击组合技术中,平均每局运用次数除BB类和AB类有所下降之外,其他各类组合的运用频率均呈上升趋势;3击组合中,除BC类运用次数有显著性上升之外,其他各类变化均不明显;4击及4击以上组合则基本变化不大。     

Understanding the complexity of teacher reflection in action research

Reflection in action research is a complex matter, as is action research itself. In recent years, complexity science has regularly been called upon in order to more thoroughly understand the complexity of action research. The present article investigates the benefits that complexity science may yield for reflection in action research. This article begins by explicating the sense in which the complexity of reflection in action research involves the role of values and existential knowledge in education. The gap between theory and practice is also explored. On the basis of a number of common features of complex systems (heterogeneous, open, dynamic, non-linear, adaptive, and co-adaptive), the sense in which reflection can be regarded as a complex system is discussed. To this end, the features of complex systems are translated into features of reflection in action research, which, in turn, are illustrated with examples from recent publications on reflection in action research. The aim of this analysis is to make reflection in action research more understandable and manageable. In line with this, it is argued that room for insecurity and unpredictability, combined with an explicit consideration of reflection as a complex system, contributes to the use of complexity as a stimulus for new learning.     

Three secondary school teachers implementing student-centred learning in Iraqi Kurdistan

In Iraqi Kurdistan, the educational system is going through significant changes. The educational system influences the students’ attitudes, and one wants the educational system to support the young democracy. In this study, student-centred learning (SCL) is seen as a first step to learning, but also to participation and engagement as a citizen. Three secondary school teachers worked with researchers from Norway and Kurdistan to implement SCL strategies in their daily teaching. Teachers experienced changes in their roles when emphasizing the importance of students’ participation in the learning processes. They could not lecture most of the time; they needed to make more space for the students’ activities and allow them to become more active. They acted more as mentors for their students. The content of the teaching also changed. When the teachers lectured it was about their subject. When the students were expected to be more active, the teachers also had to teach the students how to be more active. The traditional way of furnishing the classrooms in Kurdistan has been rows of benches and desks for the children and a desk by the board for the teacher. This way of furnishing was described as a hindrance when organising for students’ participation. The teachers’ experiences were of main interest in this action research project. Their responses to interview questions were validated by classroom observations. Also, a group of researchers with very different cultural and scientific background collaborated. This was in itself an interesting side effect in this action research study.     

试论教育行动研究中的反思

反思作为教育行动研究过程中的核心环节,决定着行动研究最终的成效,研究者和实际工作者在教育行动研究过程中的反思意识、反思能力、反思方式等,都会对行动研究产生重要的影响。文章结合作者与一线教师合作开展行动研究的经历,论述了在合作模式或支持模式下的教育行动研究中,研究者反思的重点,并不在于如何更好地改善教育实践,而是在于和行动者之间的合作关系、有效沟通以及对行动者提供研究方法的指导等方面。而行动研究者的反思应当坚持书面与口头相结合,正式与非正式相结合,内隐与公开相结合,单独与集体相结合等多种形式、不同的方式来不断地促进行动者的反思能力。     

文化视域中的制度行为及非制度化行为分析

制度化行为和非制度化行为产生于一定的文化环境中。通常情况下,健康的文化有利于制度的发展,不良文化会助长非制度化行为。非制度化生存的文化诱因源于不良文化心理、不良文化行为和不良文化习俗,文化基因对制度经常性地起着作用,文化变异是非制度化行为的重要诱因。对非制度化行为的祛魅和解蔽都是在一定的文化环境中实现的,随着社会文明、政治文明和制度文明的发展以及社会道德水平的提高,非制度化行为的活动空间会越来越狭窄。     

船山批评阳明学的三个层次及检讨

王船山批评阳明学可分三个层次:一是直接攻击阳明及其后学:阳明不堪小誉,阳明学附会圣说,阳儒阴释,是明亡祸根;二是批评阳明对经典的诠释:阳明假借经书,对于格物等妄加诠释,歪曲了儒学正统;三是批判阳明学致良知、知行合一以及无善无恶整个体系。船山以阳明学为对立面,以易知简能、至善无恶、以行兼知构建船山学体系。三个层次是相互交裹的,尽管批评中表现出明亡之恨向阳明学的宣泄,但亦是阳明学发展的重要参照系,是船山学与阳明学健康协同发展时需要面对的重要课题。     

明代殿试管理制度及其作用

明代科举考试制度化、经常化，成为国家选拔人才和官吏的基本途径。殿试是最终决定进士录取的考试。明代采取诸多举措，完善殿试各项制度，加强国家对考试的宏观管理，为进士选拔有序地进行营造了良好的环境，对于提高官吏队伍的文化素质，造成全社会尊重知识，尊重人才以及促进了全民族文化素质的提高都有不可忽视的作用。     

Action learning drives the Emerald Academy

This account examines the action learning process adopted by Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., embedded in the organization through the in-company Emerald Academy. In case study format, the paper emphasizes that in order to align learning with organizational objectives joined up thinking and practice is needed beyond the learning and development function, with ownership taken of the process at all levels. To date the Emerald action learning corporate academy process is in its sixth year. It builds upon a tradition of management development through action learning which goes back to the early days of the company. Organizations seeking to develop a similar process would need to consider organizational commitment and readiness.     

数学研课框架之思考

所谓是主体根据自己的经历、感受、需要和掌握的理念选取自己擅长的角度对课进行研究.研课作为一种专业发展的方法,源起于日本.数学研课以“教与学对应”与“教与数学对应”的二重原理作为研究的方法论.数学研课框架就是从事数学研课的基本程序结构,它的建立旨在将对“研什么”和“怎么研”两个基本问题的思考联系起来.数学研课包括如下几个步骤:设置研课目标→听课前的分析与计划→听课中的教学与观察→听课后的讨论与修改→反思报告.