Canada’s Sub-Saharan African migrants: A scoping review

Despite the recent increase in Sub-Saharan African newcomers to Canada, little is known about their experiences, specifically the challenges they face rebuilding their lives and the strategies they adopt to tackle these challenges. This scoping review of 48 articles provides a critical basis for further research on Sub-Saharan African international migration to Canada. Five themes emerged from the extant literature: 1) structural barriers to rebuilding self, family, and community; 2) limited support systems available in the transition period; 3) transnational ties and commitments as a recurring mediator of migrant life; 4) mechanisms for navigating transition and integration; and 5) changing gender relations and roles. Findings across these themes strongly project gender relations as a crucial engine of migrant life, yet studies do not extensively probe the nature and dynamics of key facets of post-migration gender relations. While transnational linkages could provide some support and sense of identity, the demands of and commitments to extended family members and other entities could stall or undermine efforts to rebuild lives and community in a new homeland. The coping mechanisms identified here appear to relieve or postpone the consequences of Sub-Saharan African migrants’ adaptations to the realities of life in Canada. Our review also underscores the need for strength-based approaches, such as resilience, in exploring the experiences of Sub-Saharan African migrants as newcomers in advanced Western nations like Canada. Future studies should consider that international migration presents complex challenges to both migrant sending and receiving countries, traceable to both localized and transnational historical and social linkages.     

关于代位继承的两点立法建议

依据我国的《继承法》,针对《关于贯彻执行中华人民共和国继承法意见》第26条代位继承人的列举表述中存在的问题和我国代位继承法律制度有关的不完善之处,笔者提出了关于代位继承的两点立法建议,为进一步完善我国的遗产继承法律制度提供立法参考。     

Cardiorespiratory fitness in urban adolescent girls: associations with race and pubertal status

Cardiorespiratory fitness affords health benefits to youth. Among females, weight-relative fitness declines during puberty and is lower among African American (AA) than Caucasian girls. Data indicate racial differences in pubertal timing and tempo, yet the interactive influence of puberty and race on fitness, and the role of physical activity (PA) in these associations have not been examined. Thus, independent and interactive associations of race and pubertal development with fitness in adolescent girls, controlling for PA were examined. Girls in grades 5–8 (n = 1011; Caucasian = 25.2%, AA = 52.3%, Other Race group = 22.5%) completed the Pubertal Development Scale (pubertal stage assessment) and Fitnessgram® Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test (cardiorespiratory fitness assessment). PA was assessed by accelerometry. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine associations among race, pubertal stage and fitness, controlling for vigorous PA, AA, and pubertally advanced girls demonstrated lower fitness than Caucasian and less mature counterparts. Puberty and race remained significantly associated with fitness after controlling for vigorous PA. The interaction effect of race and puberty on fitness was non-significant. The pubertal influence on fitness is observed among AA adolescents. Associations between fitness and race/puberty appear to be independent of each other and vigorous PA. Pubertally advanced AA girls represent a priority group for fitness interventions.     

唐李德裕《祭韦相执谊文》及相关问题探略——兼谈唐代贬官对海南文化的影响

唐代李德裕,出身名门显贵之家,历经唐代的宪宗、穆宗、敬宗、文宗、武宗和宣宗六朝皇帝。由于生活在一个特殊的历史时期,李德裕的为官历程,始终是与以牛僧儒、李宗闵为首的牛党集团和强大的宦官势力斗争相伴相随。在平定边患、整顿内忧方面,立下了显赫功绩。宣宗即位后,李德裕罢相,牛党之徒白敏中、令狐陶、崔铉等掌握朝中大权,将李德裕贬往海南。共同的政治抱负和相同的命运结局,将李德裕和韦执谊两人的感情紧紧地连在了一起。于是,在祭祀韦执谊青冢之际,李德裕写下了《祭韦相执谊文》,表达了对韦执谊的无限思念。以李德裕为代表的许多唐代贬官,为海南的文化发展起到了积极的推动作用。他在海南岛的后裔问题,也成为一个值得探索的谜团。     

Intermediate-level ICT skills and development in South Africa: Private provision form suited to national purpose!

Abstract   ICT skills are critical to the success of enhancing national development in a globalised era (see World Bank 2006). Rudimentary intermediate-level ICT skills necessary to function optimally in basic computer-related environments are crucial to national competitiveness in a developing context. The supply of these skills provided predominantly by private, non-state institutions in most developing contexts is considerably under-researched (see Atchoarena and Esquieu 2002). This paper provides a rationale for the suitability of private sector intermediate-level ICT provisioning, exploring peculiarities of provisioning in the South African context. The features associated with the varied provider types and the response to the multiplicity of learner and client groups serve as crucial features of suitability. It posits the view that the capacity of the sector to respond effectively to skill needs provides the basis for national development in the South African context. The culpability of the sector in responding effectively to rapid technological developments provides the basis for its suitability to private provision forms. Lessons from this work and its impacts on national regulation of private ICT provision will provide important insights for other developing contexts.

Rallying Point: Lewis Michaux’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">National Memorial African Bookstore</Emphasis>

Michaux’s National Memorial African Bookstore, Harlem, NY, was the epicenter of black literary life and bookselling, 1933–c.1975. Michaux migrated from Virginia to escape farm work and his brother’s evangelical church, opting instead—despite the lack of formal education—to become a trafficker in ideas, through bookselling. A self-styled Garveyite, Michaux advised Malcolm X, though he never joined the Nation of Islam or advocated revolution. The bookshop—with a huge inventory of books about black experience and spearheaded by the charismatic bookseller (known as “The Professor”)—attracted a loyal clientele, championed famous writers and artists, and hosted international leaders (especially Africans). A rallying point for political speeches, often delivered in front of the store, in its period, there was no other black bookstore in America with Michaux’s influence.     

南非高等教育质量保障体系:框架、特色与挑战

南非政府在高等教育变革和重建的宏观背景下,通过制定一系列的政策和法规构建了由南非资格局、国家资格框架和高等教育质量委员会组成的、统一的高等教育质量保障体系.该体系具有理念上创新性、价值取向上多元性、体系上全面性、程序和策略上互补性等特色,尽管其实施情况良好,但仍面临一些问题与挑战.     

20世纪美国黑人女性主义文学的发展与现状

作为身份与边缘写作批评的先声——美国黑人女性主义文学，在20世纪70年代后期以其独特的视角和发人深省的理论与实践开创了美国文学和文化领域最新思潮和理论前沿。从长远意义来说，黑人女性主义文学的产生与发展改变了人们深层思维方式和认知模式，加深了人们对边缘文学和少数族裔女性主义文学的理解、认识与探究。     

云南保山地区契丹后裔乙肝危险因素分析

目的：调查研究云南保山地区契丹后裔人群生活习惯与乙型肝炎之间的关系,找出其中的危险因素或保护因素,为开展保山地区契丹后裔人群乙型肝炎的防治工作提供科学依据。方法：采用对保山契丹后裔人群发放统一编制调查问卷,调查其生活习惯,并采集静脉血5 mL检测乙肝血清学指标,同时采用χ^2检验和Logistic回归分析契丹后裔人群生活习惯与乙型肝炎之间的关系。结果：325名契丹后裔中有10例HBsAg阳性,阳性率为3.07%,其中感染者均为男性。经单因素分析,性别、乙肝疫苗接种史、家庭年收入的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,共用牙具、剃须刀（P=0.061）和文化程度（P=0.093）差异接近于有统计学意义。多因素分析表明,接种乙肝疫苗为保护性因素（P〈0.05）,而家庭年收入高为HBV感染的易感因素（P〉0.05）。结论：应该加强对契丹后裔人群的健康教育,采取免疫预防措施,普及疫苗接种,保护易感人群,控制乙肝的感染和传播。     

The influence of pacing strategy on marathon world records

The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the pacing strategy adopted by elite marathon runners when setting every marathon world record in the last 50 years. We divided former marathon record holders into two groups: classic athletes (record holders between 1967 and 1988) and contemporaneous athletes (record holders between 1988 and 2018). The total distance of the marathon was divided into 8 sections of 5?km and 1 last section of 2.195?km, and the relative average speed of each section was calculated individually. On average athletes were slightly faster in the first half-marathon than in the second one, where they slowed down progressively (ES?=?0.28, small effect). However, when comparing classic vs. contemporaneous athletes, we observed that classic athletes started significantly faster (p?相似文献