Normal versus abnormal genital findings in children: How well do examiners agree?

In order to determine how well medical examiners agree on the significance of certain anogenital findings in children, preselected colposcopic photographs of the anogenital area of 16 patients were shown to 170 medical examiners (82% pediatricians) who were blinded as to the history on each patient. Findings rated most frequently as being suggestive or indicative of penetrating injury included immediate anal dilatation with no stool present (85%), hymenal transection (84%), marked narrowing of the hymenal rim with notching (81%), and a posterior fourchette scar (75%). The agreement between the participants and the experts on the abnormal cases (mean 81%) was significantly higher than on the normal cases (mean 71%, p < .001) and on genital findings (78%) than on anal findings (63%, p = .000). Higher experience level (more cases seen per month) was associated with significantly higher agreement between the participants and the experts on five of eight normal cases and two of four abnormal cases. Use of a colposcope was also associated with higher overall agreement with the experts (74% vs. 44%, p < .0001).     

Internet上驰名商标特殊保护法律研究

Internet这一新兴技术给相对稳定的传统法律制度提出了极大的挑战。中国已加入WTO,Internet的迅猛发展影响着驰名商标在Internet上的地位及其保护;我国驰名商标在Internet上与网络域名发生冲突时驰名商标胜诉一案对我们启示颇多;我国的现状及国际趋势都要求对Internet上驰名商标进行特殊保护。     

基于三方就业协议的高校毕业生就业权益保护

三方就业协议是我国高校为适应市场化进程,在毕业生就业工作中的过渡性产物。由于设计理念行政管理色彩浓厚,加之当前就业法律制度与政策不完善,由三方就业协议引起的纠纷和矛盾很难得到及时有效的解决,在实践中已难以真正发挥其应有的服务性和导向性的作用,特别是毕业生就业权益面临各种法律风险和侵害。     

国民党青年在台湾服贸话语权之争中的集体沉默浅析

《海峡两岸服务贸易协议》引发了台湾反服贸和挺服贸的话语权之争,对台有利的经济协定为何有理说不清引人深思。在宣传上,国民党政府的高层路线难敌反对派的草根动员;反服贸联盟散播错误信息,煽动恐惧和对立情绪使得国民党四处灭火。国民党的四个青年工作组织(国发院、青工会、青年团和青年军)在反服贸学运中表现被动,在沉默的螺旋和推理性动机的作用下,促使挺服贸派在学运前期的集体失语和反服贸派认同感的不断加强。     

世界区域经济合作发展与我国的战略抉择

区域经济一体化是当今国际经济合作的一个趋势,我国作为发展中大国和世界贸易大国应把握好这一机遇,积极参与并合理规划,为我国经济发展赢得良好和稳定的外部空间。从世界区域经济合作的发展历程、发展动因分析,进而归纳我国在这方面正确的应对策略。     

法律激励理论视角下我国专利池的法律规制完善

专利池在我国正处于发展阶段,有必要加快完善有利于专利池共享平台建设的法律制度环境。通过对专利池的内涵与法律性质分析,运用法律激励理论对我国现行规制专利池的法律制度中的不足进行研究,提出在肯定专利池鼓励竞争与创新、提升质量的正向价值基础上,我国现行法律也应该进行适时调整,扩大专利池激励对象、激励范围与改变激励路径,进一步完善对专利池法律规制的具体规则,为科学发展和技术进步提供更加优良的法制环境。     

Who is the expert? Construct and criteria validity of student and teacher ratings of instruction

In this article, we examine the construct and criteria validity of student and teacher ratings as indicators of instructional features. As parsimonious measures, student and teacher reports are frequently used to assess aspects of the learning environment. From a methodological perspective, however, both approaches have been questioned. Whereas student ratings are occasionally criticised as being undifferentiated and easily influenced by personal preferences, teacher reports are sometimes considered to be biased by self-serving strategies or teaching ideals. Instead of pitting one method against the other, our study aimed at establishing the specific value of each approach. The analyses draw on data from a German extension to the 2003 PISA assessment, in which 288 mathematics teachers and their students completed questionnaires using identical items to tap various aspects of instruction. Mean student ratings were computed for each class. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed specific conceptual structures for student and teacher ratings, with teachers elaborating on the use of tasks and methods, and students focusing on their teacher’s support in personal and learning matters. Three shared dimensions were also established: occurrence of classroom management problems, degree of cognitive autonomy during lessons, and tempo of interaction. Teacher/student agreement on these dimensions varied across constructs, with considerable agreement on classroom management, low agreement on cognitive autonomy, and no significant agreement on whether or not the interaction tempo was appropriate. Accordingly, correlations with external criteria (student motivation, teacher motivation, mathematical achievement scores, and characteristics of the tasks set in class) also varied across constructs. We conclude that student and teacher ratings are best suited to tapping different aspects of the learning environment, and recommend that care be taken in choosing a data source appropriate for the construct to be measured.

论《SPS协定》中的科学证据原则

科学证据原则是《SPS协定》的核心原则之一。分析科学证据原则的核心条款第2．2奈和例外条款第5．7条是认识该原则的关键。在法律条款的适用上,应区分事实属性与法律适用两种情况,遵循先具体条款再原则务款的适用模式。争端解决机构对荷尔蒙案、鲑鱼案和品种测试案的裁决为理解这一原则提供了实践依据。     

英国百年净价图书制度及其启示

英国净价图书制度存在将近百年,大致经历了形成、成熟与终结三个重要历史阶段。在进行历史梳理的基础上辨析这一制度的历史背景、内在逻辑及借鉴意义,以期为我国出版市场的制度建设提供有益参考。     

对比分析英语专业和非英语专业大学生对汉语赞美语的回应——语用迁移的实证研究

我们以Leech礼貌原则中的"谦虚准则"和"赞同准则"为理据,采用实证分析法,首先对国内外赞美语回应的研究作一些回顾,然后对英语专业生和非英语专业大学生在汉语赞美语方面的回应作DCT问卷调查和RCW随机收集,并对比分析两者异同,结果发现:英语专业生比非英语专业生在汉语赞美语的回应中更倾向于使用"赞同准则";与之相反,非英语专业生更倾向于使用"谦虚准则"。以此证明他们在语用上存在程度不同的"语用迁移"。最后提出该现象对我们大学英语教学的一些启示。