两岸贸易发展对海西经济增长影响研究

进入21世纪以来,两岸贸易交流上了一个新的台阶,特别是两岸经济框架协议(ECFA)签订以来,经贸在更为广阔的领域不断深入。文章通过对两岸贸易趋势、贸易结构、贸易依存度、贸易地区分布的分析,得出两岸贸易促进海西经济增长的原因以及对海西经济增长影响的显著特点。同时,两岸经贸发展带来的不仅有经济利益和双赢利益,且对地区的政治稳定、文化繁荣产生重要影响。     

云环境下的信息服务等级协议研究

云环境是一个极具发展前景的网络环境.随着云技术的发展及相关标准的成熟,在可以预见的未来里,云将像当年的互联网一样,从根本上改变我们的生活方式.服务等级协议(SLA)是现有云环境下信息服务双方不可或缺的一项协议.一方面,SLA是云信息服务及服务质量的合法保障;另一方面,SLA也明确规定了服务双方的经济关系,量化了服务赔偿机制.文章从SLA对云服务质量的保障和对提供商、客户双方利益的维护两方面进行了分析,并以此为基础,在云环境下的SLA中引入了服务代理角色,构建了一个简单的SLA模型,探讨了此模型的运作机制.服务双方可以按照协议的模型来实施具体的SLA,以提升服务质量,形成更良好的合作关系.     

Assessing the impact of learning environments: How to use student ratings of classroom or school characteristics in multilevel modeling

In educational research, characteristics of the learning environment (e.g., social climate, instructional quality, goal orientation) are often assessed via student reports, and their associations with outcome variables such as school achievement or student motivation then tested. However, studying the effects of the learning environment presents a series of methodological challenges. This article discusses three crucial elements in research that uses student reports to gauge the impact of the learning environment on student outcomes. First, from a conceptual point of view, it is argued that ratings aggregated at the relevant level (e.g., class or school level), and not individual student ratings, are of primary interest in these studies. Second, the reliability of aggregated student ratings must be routinely assessed before these perceptions are related to outcome variables. Third, researchers conducting multilevel analyses need to make very clear which centering option was chosen for the predictor variables. This article shows that conclusions about the impact of learning environments can be substantially affected by the choice of a specific centering option for the individual student ratings.     

国际教育服务贸易研究--规则解读与我国的承诺

WTO《服务贸易总协定》包括教育服务贸易,因此,国际教育服务贸易必须遵循总协定规定的各种规则。我国加入世贸组织后,开始在货物贸易、服务贸易和知识产权方面全面履行成员国的权利和义务,同时也就开始履行《服务贸易总协定》做出的部分承诺,展开了教育服务贸易商贸活动。了解和掌握国际教育服务贸易的基本规则与我国做出的承诺,对于推进我国国际教育服务贸易的进程与发展,具有重要的现实意义。     

中国贯彻《TRIPS协定》刑事措施中的若干问题

我国贯彻《TRIPS协定》的间接适用方式符合《TRIPS协定》的基本要求和我国的国家利益,应予坚持。我国侵犯知识产权犯罪刑事立法中的定罪量刑情节、刑罚设置与非刑罚处理措施等符合《TRIPS协定》刑事措施的最低要求,美国等国的指责毫无道理。基于创新型国家建设的需要,我国知识产权刑法保护水平仍有待于进一步提高,具体包括继续严密知识产权刑事法网,增设新罪名,改革罪状设置;立法保护与司法保护并重,共同构筑知识产权刑法保护的体系;积极开展国际、区际刑事司法合作等。     

Are parents reliable in reporting child victimization? Comparison of parental and adolescent reports in a matched Chinese household sample

There is ongoing debate about the reliability of parental reports on child victimization. Some studies have shown that they are useful, whereas some others have provided contrary evidence suggesting that parents are not accurate in reporting child victimization, especially when they are the one who inflicted the violence. This study aimed to (a) examine the reliability of parental reports of adolescents’ experiences of victimization, including that inflicted by parents as well as others, by comparing them with self-reports using a parent–child matched sample from China; and (b) explore the possible reasons underlying any disagreement between the parental and adolescent reports. A total of 2,624 parent–adolescent pairs were recruited during 2009 and 2010 in 6 cities in China. Parents were asked to report the victimization experiences of their child using of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, and these reports were matched with the adolescents’ self-reports of victimization. Low levels of parent–adolescent agreement in reporting were found (Cohen's kappa = .04–.29). Except for sexual violence, parents were significantly less likely to report all types of victimization. Overall, lower levels of agreement were found in the reporting of (a) less severe types of victimization, (b) victimization outside the family, and (c) victimization involving parents as perpetrators. Intimate partner violence between parents was significantly associated with discrepancies between reports. The findings suggest that parents might not be reliable as a single source of information on certain types of adolescent victimization.     

中德税收新协定的发展、动因及文本价值

中德税收新协定的签署是对国际税法理论的发展、国际税制环境发生改变以及国内国情发生变化的应对。新协定较之于旧协定在内容和价值取向上都有所发展。具体而言,新协定对居民管辖权的适用态度略微偏移,体现了最密切联系原则,UN范本的倾向性更为明显。由于中德两国修改税收协定的动因可以适用于其他国家,则考察中德两国的税收文本对于如何签订其他欧洲各国的税收协定有着借鉴意义和参考价值。     

集散型楼宇自控系统的实现

介绍了智能建筑的基本概念,重点阐述了集散型楼宇自控系统的结构、特点、控制方式,指出了集散型控制系统给现代化智能建筑带来的实际意义。     

谈外文书刊招标采购中的协议拟订

文章就图书馆书刊招标采购中的难点--外文书刊招标采购工作,谈了一些体会与对策.     

试析1943年美国国会与政府在UNRRA协定上的冲突与妥协

1943年美国第78届国会提出了授权政府为联合国善后救济总署（UNRRA）拨款的联合决议案。国会和政府围绕这个议案的争论,比较集中地反映了战时国会两院,特别是参议院的主要观点,为罗斯福政府制定战后国际和平组织的政策设定了原则框架,而且对战时和战后美国国际组织政策的制定和执行发挥了重要影响。