Inter-ethnic preferences and ethnic hierarchies in the former soviet union

One-thousand two-hundred and ninety university students from twenty-seven ethnic?national groups across six locations in the former Soviet Union (Novopolotsk in Byelorussia, Kharkov in the Ukraine, Moscow and Nizniy Novgorod in Russia, Ufa in the Bashkir Autonomous Republic and Ulan-Ude in the Buryat Autonomous Republic) participated in 1991–1992 in a survey investigating the existence of ingroup preference in inter-ethnic contact, ingroup consensus on an ethnic hierarchy of outgroups and the measure of intergroup consensus on an ethnic hierarchy among the ethnic?national groups in each location. Hypotheses about ingroup preference, ethnic hierarchies and consensus were derived from realistic group conflict theory, social identity theory and from the assumption that outgroup preferences reflect considerations of the status effects of intergroup contact. It appeared that the last type of hypothesis could explain most of the results.     

Stancetaking and Language Ideologies in Heritage Language Learner Classroom Discourse

Drawing on linguistic anthropological notions of language ideologies and sociolinguistic approaches to stance, this study examines the meaning-making resources through which Spanish heritage language (HL) learners orient toward ideological perspectives on language value and linguistic expertise in classroom interaction. Part of a larger ethnographic study, data in the present study include about 26 hours of audio and video recordings from three different intermediate Spanish HL classrooms and filmed interviews with the students. The analysis indicates that discourses of legitimacy and expertise are embodied within multiple levels of classroom interaction, including affective stancetaking, expert/novice positioning, and the reframing of both ascribed social positions and previous discourse. Results suggest that the role of language ideologies in HL learning can be better understood through an examination of stancetaking in interaction and that the construction of different kinds of expertise should be an important consideration in the development of HL instructional practices.     

美国社区学院职业道德教育的借鉴价值

美国社区学院职业道德教育特色吸引着越来越多的社会关注,职业道德教育与专业课程设置能够有机结合。通过校企合作提升职业道德素质,通过学生社团各种服务和活动提高职业道德修养,借助校园文化进行职业道德教育渗透,通过网络课程拓展职业道德教育。美国社区学院成功的职业道德教育为美国培养了大量德才兼备的技术人才,提升了大学生在就业市场中的竞争优势以及社区学院的社会声誉。探究借鉴美国社区学院职业道德教育特色,构建我国高职院校职业道德教育新范式,不失为职业德育教育的新思考。     

春秋战国时期军队的跑跳训练

在冷兵器时代，军队行军强调速度对作战胜负具有极为重要作用。因此，我国古代兵家十分重视加强对军队的体能训练。跑跳项目就是当时训练提高体能的重要手段，在军事理论和军事体育实践中积累了宝贵经验。春秋战国时期军队的跑跳训练便是冷兵器时代军队体能训练的典型。     

美国的高技术产业竞争战略及其对我国的启示

本文从多方面、多视角考察了美国提升高技术产业竞争力的若干举措,将美国高技术产业的竞争战略归纳为6个方面。     

Talent,Schmalent: An Instructional Design/Action Research Framework for the Professionalization of Teaching in Academic Libraries

When myths become canonical beliefs within a professional culture, they can have a profound impact on professional practice. In this paper we identify as a pernicious educational myth the belief that the ability to teach well is a naturally occurring innate talent or skill. The first two sections of the paper aim to demonstrate (i) that the concept of the naturally gifted teacher is a myth based on factually incorrect assumptions about expertise development and (ii) that this myth has several major negative implications for professional practices around teaching in academic libraries. We then we draw on the education literature to offer an alternative model for the cultivation of teaching excellence, an instructional design/action research framework that prioritizes ‘deliberative’ practice over innate talent. We close with suggestions for how academic librarians and library administrators can implement this framework within their institutions.     

从改革后的新教材看美国中学物理实验教学的主要特点及发展趋势

在分析美国《国家科学教育标准》和随之编写与修订的五套初高中物理教材的内在联系的基础上,归纳总结了在科学教育改革后,美国中学物理实验教学的主要特点及发展趋势:实验目的规范化、实验过程活动化、实验方案微型化、实验内容人性化和实验评价行为化。     

美国在匈牙利事件中的态度与政策

美国对匈牙利事件采取了"不干涉"政策,这种政策经历了从观望到最后确立的一个过程.美国政府实行严格"不干涉"政策的深层次原因在于,美国担心苏联会因其在东欧地位的严重恶化陷于绝望,进而诉诸于极端措施,从而引发美苏之间的直接对抗乃至于爆发世界大战,因此,美国不愿冒战争的危险去拯救一个与自己关系不大,且处于苏联势力范围内的中欧小国,这就是美国外交政策现实主义原则的充分体现.     

美国体育科研概况

介绍了有关美国体育科研的体制、经费与设施、科研方向与课题分布等方面的情况,讨论了美国体育科研在提高运动成绩中所起的作用.     

美国基础教育体育教师资格认证标准及其启示

美国全国专业教学标准委员会为优秀教师制定的认证标准,不仅规定了体育教师的基本业务要求、专业知识技能;而且强调了体育教师应当全身致力于学生的发展与学习;同时还强调了教师在课堂之外应具备的协作能力与科研能力。通过对美国基础教育体育教师资格认证标准进行归纳与分析,阐述了美国优秀体育教师所应当具备的基本专业素质及其在基础体育领域中的新思想、新观念。