极骇人之事极近人之笔--《水浒传》传奇性解读

《水浒传》的传奇性具有鲜明而独特的特色:写极骇人之事,却尽用极近人之笔。所谓“极骇人之事”,就是采用夸张渲染的艺术手法叙事写人,以突出人物超现实的神与奇;所谓“极近人之笔”,就是一种写实,即在渲染人物超人、超现实的行为时,以表现其真实心理。这一特色在中国古代小说、小说理论的发展中具有极高的美学价值和理论意义。     

“類”与“禷”祭

《诗经》、《尚书》、《周礼》、《礼记》等经籍提到的“禷”祭(又作“類”祭),是上古中国一项有着深厚民俗文化背景和深远历史影响的祭仪。不幸其礼早亡,汉儒已经难究其详。影响及今的《尚书》古文家说和郑玄《礼记》注等,将“禷”祭解为祭天之礼。但根据经籍中的记载来看,“禷”祭指的是当国有大事时,向上帝或社稷宗庙祈福禳灾的一种“祷祈”仪式,与祭天之礼并不是一回事。据《说文解字》等书,“類”字本义是一种犬,可能是白犬。“禷”祭应是指特以“類”为牺牲的祭仪。《山海经》等说“類”具有“自为牝牡”的神奇特性,这与该书所记“白犬有牝牡,是生犬戎”的传说非常相似。在先秦文献中,“類”字常用来指出自同一祖先的子孙后代。这些材料表明“類”与古代中国某些族群的祖先神话有着密切的关系。“禷”祭之形成,正植根于此种观念之上。“禷”祭当属于曾广为流行于上古中国北方地区的犬祭礼俗中某种特定的类型,它的消亡可能与周人颇具理性色彩的的礼制改革有关。     

Storybook writing in first grade

Research literature on writingstorybooks overlooks first graders. This ispuzzling as children enter first grade havingemergent literacy, in reading, writing, andstory composition. It may reflect the belief that at thisage children should learn to read and write(conventionally) as the curriculum demands,while elaborate writing is assumed be taughtand developed in higher grades. This study investigated story writing by Arab(N = 184) and Jewish (N = 321) first graders inIsrael. The children were presented with fourrelated pictures, asked to paste them in thesequence of their choice in a booklet, and thento write a narrative in their first language(Arabic or Hebrew). Writing the storybook wasperceived as a space for literacy development,and was tested in the contextof two instruction methods: Success For All(SFA) and whole-class Active Learning (AL). Theclasses were observed and teachers wereinterviewed on writing instruction.Nineteen categories of writing yieldedthree clusters–factors: book print awareness,writing conventions, and story quality. Thesethen served as measures for writing outcomes. Jewish and Arab children in SFA achieved higherscores than AL students; the Jews were higherthan the Arabs on most categories, but theestimate gain was highest for Arabs in SFA. The effect of SFA was highest for at-riskJewish students and lowest for at-risk Arabstudents. The results are discussed against thelinguistic and cultural background of the twogroups and in respect of their implications forwriting instruction in a bilingual context.     

《水浒传》、《西游记》、《金瓶梅》主题的审美比较

本文针对《水浒传》、《西游记》与《金瓶梅》的主题特点,从美学的角度切入,分析三者的审美风格,阐述了《水浒传》是一部怒书,《西游记》是一部悟书,《金瓶梅》是一部哀书的审美特质。     

论《金瓶梅》对《水浒传》的接受

《金瓶梅》是从《水浒传》中潘金莲的故事敷衍而来的．从学接受的角度来看．《金瓶梅》对《水浒传》是一种接受的关系。这里讨论了《金瓶梅》接受《水浒传》的具体情况．即作选择《水浒传》的原因和《水浒传》对《金瓶梅》的影响。     

Gender and Education for All: Progress and problems in achieving gender equity

The paper explores the effects of rapid increases in gender parity in primary schooling in Bangladesh and Malawi on gender inequities in schools and communities. Based on an analysis of comparative case studies of marginalized communities, we argue that educational initiatives focused on achieving gender parity provide limited evidence that girls’ educational experiences modeled significantly different gender norms than in communities, or that by being educated, girls experienced a transformation of the inequitable gender relations they faced in society. The data illustrate persistent gender discrimination related to educational attainment and learning, and gender-based violence in schools. These patterns of gendered discrimination and violence largely mirrored those that girls and boys experienced in their homes and communities, raising important questions about the transformational capacity of current gender parity and schooling models.     

“华夏阅读论坛”的文化个性与“全民阅读论坛”的宏观语境

随着信息传播技术的日新月异的发展发达,网络阅读、手机阅读、电子书阅读也呈现出了愈来愈丰富的流行势头。"轻阅读"、"浅阅读"、"泛阅读"成为人们应对信息时代知识爆炸的一种阅读方略,而图书形式及其阅读方式向着材质更轻、阅读更方便、传播和传承更快捷安全的方向不断进化。为有效提高国民的阅读兴趣,进一步推进"全民阅读",我国众多社会团体(组织)及其有识之士,在不断进行着探索,并为提高国民阅读率而多方努力,其中中国阅读学研究会和中国图书馆学会阅读推广委员会举办的"华夏阅读论坛"和"全民阅读论坛"等,平分秋色,各具其时代文化的代表性。     

On Joseph-Kindness to his Brothers

In this paper,Joseph,kind to his brothers whom had once nearly killed him before will be discussed.Years of terrible suffering when Joseph has been sold to Egypt as a slave,from the bottom towards the top,he finally became the prime minister to help the Egyptian pharaohs with seven years of abundant and famine.When his brothers came to Egypt to buy coin to get alive,as a prime minister,Joseph did not use his power to punish them but forgive all after identifying their repentance.Forgiving all and asking his brothers to reunite the whole family and relatives,Joseph also settles his father and brothers in the best of the land,dwell in the land of Goshen admitted by Egyp tian pharaohs.Conclusion:Every one of us shall be as kind as Joseph,forget the evil things treated to us before,and forgive the persons,who betrayed or framed before:a disposition to be lenient in pardoning others.     

长江三角洲家庭体育和全民健身的现状与发展趋势

采用综合研究方法,对长江三角洲杭州、上海、浙江、江苏等地区的1000户家庭体育与全民健身情况进行了专题调查,在全面了解长江三角洲家庭体育现状与特点的基础上,分析探寻长江三角洲全民健身活动发展的规律与趋势,预测人民生活进入小康水准后家庭体育随之产生的主要变化,以便更好地推动长江三角洲全民健身活动的发展和水平的提高。     

中外优秀男子跳远运动员速度特征比较分析

助跑是跳远技术的基础,助跑速度是决定跳远成绩的主要因素,而速度利用率则是素质水平和技术水平以及能力的体现。通过文献收集国内外部分优秀男子跳远运动员的跳远运动学参数和速度特征。针对跳远运动中,绝对速度与跳远成绩的关系,以及助跑速度、起跳速度、速度利用率等因素对跳远成绩的影响进行比较。结果表明,尽快提高跳远运动员短跑水平和绝对速度,在此基础上保持适宜的速度利用率增大腾起角度,使水平速度和垂直速度的配比更为合理,是提高我国优秀跳远运动员成绩的有效途径。