Dietary restriction (DR) and its advantages

Dietary restriction (DR) also called dietary control or calorie restriction is reported to have many advantages with regard to human health. It leads to suppression of obesity, mitigates free radicals and increases available antioxidants which are accounted for extending the life span of individuals. DR is also reported to induce synthesis of heat shock proteins in animals as a control mechanism against stress. Further, it is known to play a significant role in decreasing toxicity and lethality due to a variety of toxic chemicals and drugs by stimulating tissue repair damaged by the toxicants leading to restoration of intact organ and its functions. Moreover, extensive work done on animals indicate DR has an important role in suppressing certain types of cancer. In this review an effort is made to highlight the various advantages of DR from the point of human health perspective.     

Accidental digitoxin intoxication: an interplay between laboratory and clinical medicine

Introduction:

Two Italian adults arrived at the Emergency Department referring diarrhea, nausea and vomiting for 4 days; weakness, fatigue and visual hallucinations were also complained of. Patients reported the ingestion of some leaves of a plant, which they supposed to be “donkey ears”, a week before. Physical examination showed hypotension and bradycardia and ECG examination disclosed sinus rhythm and repolarization abnormalities (scooping of the ST-T complex) in both patients and a 2:1 AV block in the man.

Materials and methods:

Digoxin concentration was evaluated twice for each patient (at the admission and after 4 hours) by the automated immunoassay system ADVIA Centaur^®. Digitoxin concentration was evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Results:

Despite clinical picture was suggestive of digitalis intoxication, digoxin levels were undetectable. Due to the more severe clinical picture, the male patient was treated with anti-digoxin antibodies (Digifab^®) achieving a good clinical improvement and remission of the AV block within two hours. Initial diagnosis was confirmed by LC-MS/MS showing high digitoxin concentrations, but digoxin was undetectable. Patients remained stable and 48 hours later were discharged from the hospital.

Conclusion:

Whereas digoxin determination frequently relies on monoclonal antibodies which do not cross-react to digitoxin, polyclonal antibodies constituting Digifab^® recognize a large spectrum of cardiac glycosides, including digitoxin. This report emphasizes the primary role of the clinical approach to patients in the emergency setting and how an active communication and a continuous sharing of professional experiences between Laboratory and Clinicians ensure an early and correct diagnosis.     

新型膨化硝铵炸药制备的实验研究

膨化硝铵炸药以其优良的爆炸性能得到了广泛的推广应用,但其生产工艺复杂;采用硝酸铵与水、复合蜡、复合添加剂混合制成温度为105℃-110℃的溶液,将这种混合液在真空度为-0.07- -0.09 MPa压力下脱水干燥制粉,得到一种粉状膨化硝铵炸药;通过对炸药进行微观结构和性能测试,结果表明,该炸药生产工艺简单,各组份混合均匀性好,炸药的安全性能和爆炸性能优良。     

Aluminium tolerance in barley （Hordeum vulgare L.）： physiological mechanisms, genetics and screening methods

Aluminium （Al） toxicity is one of the major limiting factors for barley production on acid soils. It inhibits root cell division and elongation, thus reducing water and nutrient uptake, consequently resulting in poor plant growth and yield. Plants tolerate Al either through external resistance mechanisms, by which Al is excluded from plant tissues or internal tolerance mechanisms, conferring the ability of plants to tolerate Al ion in the plant symplasm where Al that has permeated the plas- malemma is sequestered or converted into an innocuous form. Barley is considered to be most sensitive to Al toxicity among cereal species. Al tolerance in barley has been assessed by several methods, such as nutrient solution culture, soil bioassay and field screening. Genetic and molecular mapping research has shown that Al tolerance in barley is controlled by a single locus which is located on chromosome 4H. Molecular markers linked with Al tolerance loci have been identified and validated in a range of diverse populations. This paper reviews the （1） screening methods for evaluating Al tolerance, （2） genetics and （3） mechanisms underlying Al tolerance in barley.     

8种杀菌剂对苦瓜枯萎病菌的室内毒力测定

采用生长速率测定法和分生孢子萌发抑制率法,在舍药PDA平板上和凹玻片上分别测定8种杀菌剂对苦瓜枯萎病尖孢镰刀菌的毒力作用。结果表明：20％五氯硝基苯DP对菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,EC50值为8．37mg／L,其次为40％五硝·多菌灵WP、12．5％戊唑醇WP、50％多菌灵WP和75％百菌清、聊,EC50值分别为：10．61mg／L、10．65mg／L、12．62mg／L、15．40mg／L。12．5％戊唑醇WP和对孢子萌发抑制作用最强,EC50值为3．68,20％五氯硝基苯DP、25％腈菌唑EC、40％五硝·多菌灵Ⅵ巾、50％多菌灵WP次之,EC50值分别为4．81mg／L、8．51mg／L、9．90mg／L、11．17mg／L。     

硼铁矿绿色化高效综合利用

根据硼铁矿的化学成分和矿物组成,文章设计了硼铁矿清洁、高效及综合利用的工艺流程。该工艺通过硫酸铵焙烧硼铁矿,矿物中的镁、铁、铝和硼生成了可溶于水的产物,硅以不溶于水的二氧化硅形式存在。将焙烧产物加水溶出、过滤。含镁、铁、铝、硼等的滤液与以含二氧化硅为主的硅渣分离。根据镁、铁和铝等生成沉淀的pH值不同,向溶液中加入NH 3等碱性物质,调节溶液的pH值,将镁、铁和铝等分步沉淀,分离提取后的滤液经蒸发结晶,分离出硫酸铵晶体,硫酸铵返回焙烧。硼铁矿中的有价组元得到分离提取利用,进一步深加工成产品,化工原料循环利用。     

不同处理对苏云金杆菌187菌株毒力的影响

以致倦库蚊作供试昆虫 ,对 187菌株的毒力进行测定 ,其效价为 2 16× 10 4IU mg- 1 并对摇床振荡时间、超声波处理等因素对晶体毒力的影响也进行了探讨 ,结果表明延长振荡时间以及用超声波处理均能够增加晶体毒力     

取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物的结构表征与结构-活性定量相关关系研究

为了评估和测定有机污染物取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物的生物毒性 ,在分子电性距离矢量的基础上引入正辛醇 水分配系数对这类化合物进行了结构表征 ,建立了取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物的结构 -与毒性之间的定量数学模型 (R =0 96 0 ) ,并通过逐步回归分析选出 4个参数建立一新的QSAR方程 (R =0 95 8) ,这些方程可以用来进行该类化合物危害性的定量评估和预测     

Review:Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops

INTRODUCTION Regulation, handling and bioremediation of hazardous materials require an assessment of the risk to some living species other than human being, or assessment of hazard to the entire ecosystem. As- sessment endpoints are values of the ecosystem that are to be protected and are identified early in the analysis. Such endpoints may include life cycle stages of a species and reproductive or growth patterns. Ecosystem risk assessment is at its dawn with this area of environment sci…     

化学农药的投放使用对环境安全性的评价

本文主要讲述了化学农药的投放使用针对环境所提出了重要原则，并提出了评价农药对生态环境安全性的具体指标以及科学的环境评价程序，这对开发高效，安全的新农药和预防环境污染有重大意义。