上海市高架道路径流持久性有毒物质研究(英文)

对上海市高架道路17场降雨径流进行收集监测,分析了降雨径流中10种重金属和16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度.结果表明:上海市高架道路径流中10种重金属As,Se,Zn,Pb,Ni,Fe,Mn,Cr,Cu和Al的浓度范围分别为0.50~51.80,0~20.80,13.67~445.80,0~44.20,0~15.80,39.58~264.20,0~253.00,0~8.20,0~124.20,159.83~536.40μg/L.其中,Se,Pb,Mn和Al浓度值超过了其对应的基准连续浓度,而Zn和Cu则超过了其所对应的基准最大浓度.径流中多环芳烃浓度值范围为37.25~114.57ng/L,均低于对应的基准连续浓度.Zn,Cu和PAHs表现出明显的初期冲刷效应.运用改进的内梅罗指数法对径流水质进行评价,发现8场降雨径流样品水质生物毒性极强,4场生物毒性较强,3场生物毒性一般,仅有2场生物毒性较弱.因此,城市高架道路径流对水生态系统具有较高的生态风险,需对其进行净化处理.     

经湿地净化后滇池水体中微囊藻毒素的毒性变化

采集滇池水华及湿地水体水样进行微囊藻毒素的提取,通过急性毒性和长期毒性试验,检测经湿地净化后水体和滇池水华水体中微囊藻毒素对动物的影响.比较得知,滇池水华水体中的毒素浓度较高,为高毒水体;湿地外周水体毒素提取液的毒性较水华水体低得多,为有害水体;而湿地净化水体毒素提取液则表现为无毒性.结果表明,湿地对滇池水体的净化具有明显作用,对滇池水生生物及周边动物及人类健康具有良好的保护作用.     

制糖生产过程中磷酸测定影响因素的探析

研究磷酸标准色液在不同显色时间的吸光度,探讨使用钼酸铵比色法测定磷酸含量中显色时间对测定结果准确性的影响。研究结果表明,显色时间对钼酸铵比色法测定磷酸含量的准确性有显著影响,当显色时间达50min时,样液的吸光度稳定,表明在22±0.5℃环境下,磷酸盐与钼酸铵反应需要50m in。     

常见中药补剂的毒性与安全问题分析

运用文献综述法分析了口服中药补剂后发生不良反应的原因及防治措施,为中药补剂更好地运用于运     

茶皂素对吡虫啉的增效作用研究

采用浸渍法测定了茶皂素和吡虫啉对苜蓿蚜的室内联合作用,结果表明,当吡虫啉与茶皂素质量比为100：5—100：30混用时,茶皂素对吡虫啉具有较好的增效作用,其中质量比为100：10时增效作膈最显显著,其联合作用类型表现为增效作用或相加作用,无拮抗作用。该试验结果在生产实际中具有一定的应用价值。     

具有反馈控制的非自治两种群浮游生物相克系统的持久性

研究一类具有反馈控制的非自治两种群浮游生物相克系统．借助干微分方程的比较原理和一个积分不等式,得到了一组保证系统持久的充分性条件．结果表明在原系统持久下,反馈控制变量对系统的持久性没有影响．所得结果说明文献[2]的持久性条件中有关反馈控制变量的条件限制是多余的,由此实质性地改进了文献[2]的结果．     

Response of seed tocopherols in oilseed rape to nitrogen fertilizer sources and application rates简

Tocopherols (Tocs) are vital scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and important seed oil quality indicators. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important fertilizers in promoting biomass and grain yield in crop production. However, the effect of different sources and application rates of N on seed Toc contents in oilseed rape is poorly understood. In this study, pot trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of two sources of N fertilizer (urea and ammonium nitrate). Each source was applied to five oilseed rape genotypes (Zheshuang 72, Jiu-Er-1358, Zheshuang 758, Shiralee, and Pakola) at three different application rates (0.41 g/pot (N1), 0.81 g/pot (N2), and 1.20 g/pot (N3)). Results indicated that urea increased α-, γ-, and total Toc (T-Toc) more than did ammonium nitrate. N3 was proven as the most efficient application rate, which yielded high contents of γ-Toc and T-Toc. Highly significant correlations were observed between Toc isomers, T-Toc, and α-/γ-Toc ratio. These results clearly demonstrate that N sources and application rates significantly affect seed Toc contents in oilseed rape.     

Individual and joint toxic effects of cadmium sulfate and α-naphthoflavone on the development of zebrafish embryo

This paper aims to evaluate the individual and joint toxicities of cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄) and α-naphthoflavone (ANF) in zebrafish embryos. As a result, CdSO₄ caused both lethal and sub-lethal effects, such as 24 h post-fertilization (hpf) death and 72 hpf delayed hatching. However, ANF only caused sub-lethal effects, including 48 hpf cardiac edema and 72 hpf delayed hatching. Taking 24 hpf death and 48 hpf cardiac edema as endpoints, the toxicities of CdSO₄ and ANF were significantly enhanced by each other. Consistently, both CdSO₄ and ANF caused significant oxidative stress, including decreases in the reduced glutathione (GSH) level, inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in zebrafish embryos, but these mixtures produced much more significant alterations on the biomarkers. Co-treatment of CdSO₄ and ANF significantly down-regulated the mRNA level of multidrug resistance-associated protein (mrp) 1 and cytochrome P450 (cyp) 1a, which constituted the protective mechanisms for zebrafish embryos to chemical toxins. In conclusion, co-treatment of CdSO₄ and ANF exhibited a much more severe damage in zebrafish embryos than individual treatment. Meanwhile, production of oxidative stress and altered expression of mrp1 and cyp1a could be important components of such joint toxicity.     

几种溢油分散剂对斑马鱼的急性毒性效应

为解决溢油分散剂可能带来的潜在二次污染问题,分别研究雕牌洗衣粉、GM—2型、JDF—2型和UNITOR等4种溢油分散剂对斑马鱼的急性毒性效应.结果表明,4种溢油分散剂对斑马鱼的96 h半致死浓度（LC50）分别为28.6 mg/L,11 820 mg/L,50.35 mg/L和2 340 mg/L;4种溢油分散剂对斑马鱼的急性毒性大小顺序是雕牌洗衣粉>JDF—2型>UNITOR>GM—2型.UNITOR为微毒,GM—2型为无毒,这2种溢油分散剂可被应用于处理船舶溢油事故.     

CLEA模型及其在中国应用典型案例剖析

为构建中国土地风险评价模型,介绍CLEA模型的暴露评估、毒性评估和风险表征方法.采用基本评价模式评价中国某示范区13种污染物,并对评价结果进行分析.提出借鉴CLEA模型中阈值效应本底暴露量的概念,完善中国土地利用风险评价模型的建议.