人工合成金刚石酸洗废液的综合利用研究

研究了从人工合成金刚石酸洗废液中分离锰（Ⅱ）的条件和制取硫酸镍铵的方法,找出了一条消除酸洗废液污染的较好途径。     

锌铅暴露条件下菲律宾蛤仔消化腺和鳃内金属和金属硫蛋白的变化

通过慢性暴露实验研究了菲律宾蛤仔在锌(Zn2+),铅(Pb2+)单一胁迫及联合胁迫下,消化腺和鳃内富集Zn2+和Pb2+及其金属硫蛋白水平随Zn2+、Pb2+暴露浓度的变化规律.结果表明, Zn2+50μg/L、Pb2+25μg/L联合胁迫时,消化腺和鳃内重金属的富集低于Zn2+、Pb2+单一胁迫,表现为拮抗作用;MT含量随着Zn2+、Pb2+暴露质量浓度变化而变化,比较发现消化腺中MT含量随Pb2+暴露质量浓度的变化最显著(p<0.01).     

Patent Toxicity

A toxic-free world is one of the goals of the European Green Deal and a key objective of the World Health Organization Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. However, although use of some toxic chemicals is being banned, others continue to be developed. We consider this motivation for a closer examination of the toxicity of chemical inventions. We combine patent analysis with computational toxicology and develop a methodological roadmap to measure patent toxicity, that is, the extent to which a patent includes “components” (or compounds) that are toxic to humans and/or the environment. To illustrate our proposed methodology, we analyse the toxicity of ten well-known hazardous chemicals and compare it against that of other groups of chemical patents. We suggest that the measurement of patent toxicity opens up interesting avenues for future research with, potentially, strong policy implications.     

凝集素研究进展

凝集素包括微生物凝集素、植物凝集素、动物凝集素,它们在医药和农业科学领域中均有重要应用价值。不同来源凝集素的特点、分布及作用机理各不相同。凝集素的作用涉及细胞识别、微生物毒力决定子、植物抗虫、根瘤菌识别因子等诸多方面。     

苏丹红的毒性及检测

苏丹红是人工合成的一种工业染料,由于其潜在的毒性,不能作为食品添加剂使用．通过分析苏丹红的分类及结构、苏丹红在人体内的代谢及毒性,确定苏丹红的检测分析方法．     

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对镇海林蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性

采用标准水生生物毒性检测法测定了不同浓度下甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（甲维盐）对镇海林蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性.结果表明,镇海林蛙蝌蚪的死亡率随着甲维盐浓度的升高而增加,并呈极显著的线性相关关系;在水温15℃条件下,甲维盐对镇海林蛙蝌蚪的72 h和96 h的半致死浓度（LC50）分别为0.153 mg/L和0.129 mg/L,其安全浓度为0.0129 mg/L.显示了甲维盐对镇海林蛙蝌蚪具有一定的危害作用.     

板蓝根多糖的毒性试验及对小白鼠免疫系统的作用研究

本试验采用不同浓度的板蓝根多糖对实验级的小白鼠进行了毒性试验,测试了免疫器官指数、血细胞常规指数及淋巴细胞玫瑰花环形成率等试验指标。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内板蓝根多糖不仅对机体无明显毒副作用,而且能有效提高机体的免疫系统活性。     

不同杀菌剂对枸杞炭疽病病原菌的室内毒力测定

采用抑菌圈法,对施保克等10种化学药剂在枸杞炭疽病病原菌上进行室内毒力测定。结果发现施保克抑菌效果最好,多菌灵、炭疽灵次之,甲霜灵锰锌、百菌清和禾本卡克也有一定效果,其余几种化学药剂效果很差。     

Acute and subacute oral toxicity of Litsea elliptica Blume essential oil in rats

Litsea elliptica Blume has been traditionally used to treat headache, fever, and stomach ulcer, and has also been used as an insect repellent. The acute and subacute toxicities of L. elliptica essential oil were evaluated orally by gavage in female Sprague-Dawley rats. For the acute toxicity study, L. elliptica essential oil was administered in doses from 500 to 4 000 mg/kg (single dose), and in the subacute toxicity test, the following doses were used: 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, for 28 consecutive days. In the acute toxicity study, L. elliptica essential oil caused dose-dependent adverse behaviours and mortality. The median lethal dose value was 3 488.86 mg/kg and the acute non-observed-adversed-effect level value was found to be 500 mg/kg. The subacute toxicity study of L. elliptica essential oil did not reveal alterations in body weight, and food and water consumptions. The haematological and biochemical analyses did not show significant differences between control and treated groups in most of the parameters examined, except for the hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, serum albumin, and serum sodium. However, these differences were still within the normal range. No abnormalities or histopathological changes were observed in the liver, pancreatic islet of Langerhans, and renal glomerulous and tubular cells of all treated groups. In conclusion, L. elliptica essential oil can be classified in the U group, which is defined as a group unlikely to present an acute hazard according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification.     

薄荷油对小鼠肝肾损伤的动物实验研究

目的：从病理学形态改变的角度探索薄荷提取液对肝脏和肾脏的损伤作用。方法：实验以昆明小白鼠为研究对象,将其随机分组,采用灌胃的方法给予不同剂量薄荷油。从病理学角度观察其肝、肾器官形态改变,以了解该植物提取液的毒性和致死量。结果：通过急性实验,发现大剂量薄荷油对小白鼠的肝、肾均有损伤作用,随着剂量的增加,病理变化随之明显。组织切片显示肝细胞水肿和脂肪变性,肾小管上皮也可见一定的损伤,表现为上皮细胞水肿。结论：大剂量薄荷油对小鼠的肝、肾均有损伤作用,肝毒性显著,并对肾脏有轻度毒性。