鼠年说“鼠”：汉英动物词“鼠”的文化内涵

动物词“鼠”在汉英两种语言中都有其特定的文化内涵,通过对比分析,可以看出汉语中的“鼠”具有双重寓意,富舍奇特的民俗色彩,比英语中的“鼠”更能传达丰富的内涵。进而探究了鼠的自然属性及民族生活方式、历史背景、文化习俗等方面对其文化意义的形成所产生的影响。     

动物词汇在中西文化中的不同体现

动物词汇除了具有字面意义代表动物本身之外,还有着丰富的文化内涵。从文化语言学和对比语言学的角度来分析对比中英两种语言中动物词汇的文化内涵之异同,来探讨英汉动物词汇的翻译,认为动物词汇的翻译应采用“异化为主,归化为副”的策略。     

汉、维语中动物词汇的文化内涵与差异

以动物词语为例，通过比较其在汉维语言中的使用情况，从而揭示了汉维两种文化在动物词语上留下的历史文化差异。     

Upper secondary and first-year university students’ explanations of animal behaviour: to what extent are Tinbergen’s four questions about causation,ontogeny, function and evolution,represented?

In 1963, the Nobel Prize-winning ethologist Niko Tinbergen proposed a framework for the scientific study of animal behaviour by outlining four questions that should be answered to have a complete understanding: causation, ontogeny, function and evolution. At present, Tinbergen’s framework is still considered the best way to guide animal behavioural research. Given the importance in science instruction of demonstrating how scientists work and ask questions, we investigated to what extent Tinbergen’s questions are addressed in biology textbooks in secondary education in Flanders, Belgium, and represented in upper-secondary and first-year university students’ explanations of behaviour in general and of specific animal behaviours. Our results revealed that teaching of animal behaviour mainly addresses ontogeny and causation, and that Tinbergen’s framework is not explicitly referred to. Students typically addressed only one or two questions, with the majority addressing causation or both causation and ontogeny when explaining behaviour in general, but function or causation and function when explaining specific animal behaviours. This high prevalence of function may be due to teleological thinking. Evolution was completely neglected, even in university students who had recently completed an evolution course. Our results revealed that transfer of the concepts of ontogeny and evolution was (almost) absent. We argue why Tinbergen’s framework should be an integral part of any biology curriculum.     

南阳汉画像石与古埃及浮雕壁画中动物肖形比较

南阳汉画像石与古埃及浮雕壁画表现题材丰富,精湛的艺术表现形式独一无二,其中动物的艺术造型与表现手法独特具有个性。通过对动物肖形的文化背景、象征意义以及表现手法进行对比分析,探究二者存在异同的根本原因。并阐述动物形象对现代艺术创作和中国绘画的影响。     

行动导向教学模式在高职《水产动物疾病学》教学中的思考

传统的教学方式难以适应高职高专人才培养的要求,必须实行新的教学方法。行动导向教学模式是基于工作过程,以培养学生的职业能力为目标的教学策略,注重关键能力的培养。《水产动物疾病学》是高职水产专业的主要专业课,通过行动导向教学,促使学生更好地接受知识和掌握相应的技能,适应工作岗位的需要。     

Development of an indirect competitive ELISA for simultaneous detection of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin

Modified 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide (EDC) method was employed to synthesize the artificial antigen of enrofloxacin (ENR), and New Zealand rabbits were used to produce anti-ENR polyclonal antibody (pAb). Based on the checkerboard titration, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standard curve was established. This assay was sensitive and had a linear range from 0.6 to 148.0 μg/kg (R ²=0.9567), with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) and limit of detection (LOD) values of 9.4 μg/kg and 0.2 μg/kg, respectively. Of all the competitive analogues, the produced pAb exhibited a high cross-reactivity to ciprofloxacin (CIP) (87%), the main metabolite of ENR in tissues. After optimization, the matrix effects can be ignored using a 10-fold dilution in beef and 20-fold dilution in pork. The overall recoveries and coefficients of variation (CVs) were in the ranges of 86%–109% and 6.8%–13.1%, respectively. It can be concluded that the established ELISA method is suitable for simultaneous detection of ENR and CIP in animal tissues.