Cheating as subversive and strategic resistance: vocational students’ resistance and conformity towards academic subjects in a Swedish upper secondary school

This article is based on a field study in two boy-dominated classes in a vocational programme in a Swedish upper secondary school. The focus of the article is the boys’ perspective on their cheating activities during lessons and tests within academic subjects. Since the boys often regarded these subjects as boring and useless in relation to their future work as construction workers, their cheating is analysed as a matter of anti-school attitudes and a form of resistance to these subjects. Even if cheating is a violation of school norms, celebrated and seen as amusing by the boys, it was also an acknowledgement of the authority of the school; that is they recognised that the academic subjects could have importance for them in the future. Thus, a ‘good’ grade was assumed to improve their chances of getting a job later.     

Peer Counseling in Colleges and Universities:

Peer counseling owes its beginnings to the paraprofessional movement of the '60s. During the last fifteen years, there has been a growing acceptance of peer counseling, particularly on college campuses. It can be defined as the active use of listening and problem-solving skills together with knowledge about growth and development by students in order to help, advise, and counsel other students. The peer counselor assists other students by clarifying thoughts and feelings, be exploring options, or providing needed information. The use of nonprofessionals in counseling roles has a systematic research history in the literature. Further, there is evidence that preparation for the role and reflection on experience as a peer counselor can be a powerful and enabling factor in individual and group development; through providing service to others, students exercise altruism and learn interdependence in the process of individuation. Recommendations are made for program structure, function, and evaluation; it is suggested that peer counseling programs fit well into a matrix of interventions aimed at assisting student development in a learning environment conductive to growth and developmental needs.     

Politeness theory and refusals of requests: Face threat as a function of expressed obstacles

This investigation seeks to extend Wilson, Aleman, and Leatham's (1998) revision of Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory by focusing on the relationship between face threat and refusals to requests. Results support that (a) when requests are refused, threats to the negative face needs of the requester are more prevalent than threats to the negative face of the refuser and (b) depending on the obstacle underlying the refusal, there are differences in type of threat present to the requester's positive face and the refuser's face needs.     

The power of student resistance in action research: teacher educators respond to classroom challenges

The purpose of this research was to study the design and implementation of a newly developed, two‐semester, action research course in a Master of Arts in Teaching program. Over a four‐year period, we (the instructors) used action research methodologies for analysis and evaluation of the course. Throughout this study, students expressed varying reactions to the process of action research, ranging from enthusiasm and acceptance to continual and persistent reluctance to accept the process as ‘real research’. This resistance is the focus of our study. Four years of reflection on our data points to the following reasons for student resistance: lack of understanding about what action research is and its purpose; a discomfort with the emphasis of process over product and the associated investment of time and ability to multi‐task; and willingness to embrace the transformational process of action research as part of learning to teach.     

School reforms,principal leadership,and teacher resistance: evidence from Korea

Many countries design and implement school change with a focus on the fundamental reconfiguration in the structures of schooling. In this article, we examined the relationship between principal leadership and teacher resistance to school reforms driven by external interveners. For an empirical analysis, we took advantage of extensive data derived from 967 teachers and 32 principals in Korean vocational high schools that are now experiencing school reforms launched by the government. Our results revealed the importance of human aspects of school changes and reforms, in particular, driven by the external intervener. We first showed that a principal's initiative leadership is significantly related to the reduction of teacher resistance to change, in particular on the emotional and behavioural dimensions. Not surprisingly, teachers showed a higher level of resistance when their schools participate in the government-driven reform. Finally, teacher resistance depended upon characteristics of teachers as well as principals. These findings provide some useful policy implications for facilitating successful school reform efforts. Foremost, school reformers are advised to rethink the school change model design in a way of fully capturing human aspects in the reform process.     

印度芥菜BjPCS1基因的表达提高烟草对重金属的抗性

在植物体内植物络合素(PC)可与重金属螯合,并进一步转运至液泡贮存,使细胞质的重金属浓度降低,从而达到解毒效果。PC不是基因的直接翻译产物,而是以谷胱甘肽(GSH) 为底物由植物络合素合酶催化而成。将来源于重金属超富集植物印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)的植物络合素合酶基因BjPCS1转入烟草,PCR和Northern结果表明,该基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,并在转录水平上表达。在3种重金属(200mmol/L CdCl₂、400mmol/L ZnCl₂、200mmo/L NiCl₂)胁迫条件下,转基因烟草植株的脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、相对电导率和叶绿素含量等指标均优于未转化的对照植株,表明转化BjPCS1基因提高了烟草对3种重金属的抗性,其中转基因烟草抗Cd能力最强,并且转基因烟草的T1代种子在Cd处理的情况下萌发状况明显优于对照。这些结果说明BjPCS1基因在利用基因工程改良植物抗重金属能力和净化环境污染方面,具有良好的应用前景。     

再论扩音机与喇叭的阻抗匹配

本文主要论述定阻型输出和定压型输出扩音机与喇叭匹配的互换性及扩音机所接喇叭的总功率在大于或小于扩音机额定输出功率时扩音机与喇叭的匹配方法     

草酸诱导甜瓜对南瓜花叶病毒的系统抗性的研究

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　Ｓｑｕａｓｈｍｏｓａｉｃｖｉｒｕｓ (ＳｑＭＶ)ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍ ｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔｖｉｒｕｓｅｓ[1～ 3] ,ａｎｄｉｔｃａｕｓｅｓｇｒｅａｔｌｏｓｓｅｓｉｎｍｕｓｋｍｅｌｏｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ[4 ] .Ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍａｉｎｗａｙｓｔｏｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｐｌａｎｔｖｉｒｕｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓｉｓｔｈｅｉｎｄｕｃｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｒｅｓｉｓ ｔａｎｃｅｔｏｖｉｒｕｓｅｓ[5] ｂｙｓｏｍｅｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄｎｏｎ ｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓ[6～ 9…     

关于工业管道紊流阻力系数的柯列勃洛克公式迭代算法的收敛区间研究

本文研究了适用于工业管道紊流三个阻力区（即光滑区、过渡区和粗糙区）阻力系数计算的柯列勃洛克公式迭代算法的收敛性,给出了收敛区间．此项研究结果添补了关于这一问题的一项空白,为用计算机实现阻力系数的计算提供了可靠的理论依据．     

植物抗病性的分子生物学研究进展

本文对植物抗病基因克隆策略及其可能功能、分类以及植物基因工程展望作了概述