赛艇兴波阻力的计算

回顾了船舶兴波阻力计算的发展历程,采用Michell积分计算赛艇兴波阻力是比较理想的。通过对两条双人赛艇和一条单人艇的计算及分析表明:赛艇的兴波阻力随速度的增加会出现阻力的"峰点"和"谷点"。较高的速度有利于专项技术的训练,中等速度有利于专项力量的训练,速度太低,训练就不会达到很理想的效果。     

寡聚糖激发子诱导杨树抗溃疡病的生化机制

用已筛选的3种寡聚糖激发子A1、B、C3分别诱导毛白杨愈伤组织,以加无菌水为对照,并在诱导48 h后挑战接种杨树溃疡病菌,测定毛白杨愈伤组织中苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶和抗坏血酸氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,3种寡聚糖激发子A1、B、C3诱导48 h后接种杨树溃疡病菌,毛白杨愈伤组织中苯丙氨酸解氨酶和几丁质酶活性均呈单峰曲线变化,并且变化趋势基本上满足:A1>B>C3>CK(对照接种),而抗坏血酸氧化酶活性的变化为:在发病初期和中期(0-48 h)诱导接种毛白杨愈伤组织均高于对照接种,而在发病后期(t>48 h)对照接种毛白杨愈伤组织高于诱导接种,因此,可以得出寡聚糖激发子A1的诱导抗病性比寡聚糖激发子B和C3都强。     

Abdominal Obesity Associated with Elevated Serum Butyrylcholinesterase Activity,Insulin Resistance and Reduced High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels

Abdominal obesity (AO) has a strong correlation with cardiovascular disease and has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes. We investigated the association between AO and elevated serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, insulin resistance and the serum lipid profile, including triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in AO and non-AO women subjects. A total of 500 AO subjects (age 49.1 ± 10.5 years), and 142 non-AO women subjects (age 49.9 ± 11.9 years) were enrolled for the general biochemistry tests, serum BChE, fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Body mass index, waist circumference, Blood pressure (BP), plasma glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), BChE, insulin, HOMA-IR were significantly higher and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in AO subjects (p < 0.05). Waist circumference was significantly correlated with BP, Glu, TG, BChE, insulin and HOMA-IR in AO subjects. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that AO was associated with elevated BChE, HOMA-IR, hypertension and reduced HDL-C after adjusting for these variables. AO is associated with elevated BChE, insulin resistance, HT and reduced HDL-C. These may predict the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and may be associated with cognitive disorder in the future, both are mediated through insulin resistance.     

Clinico-Biochemical Correlation Between Psoriasis and Insulin Resistance

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with an increased insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular risk. The present study was aimed to assess insulin resistance and pattern of body fat deposition in psoriasis. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured in 40 psoriatic patients and 46 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum insulin level were measured by standard photometric method and ELISA respectively. HOMA-IR (homeostatic model of insulin resistance) was calculated by appropriate software. The results indicated that case and control groups were comparable in terms of age and sex (p = 0.934) with an increased prevalence of psoriasis among male subjects (60 %). FBG and mean WC between the two groups were statistically not significant (p value = 0.271 and 0.21 respectively). BMI was significantly higher in case group compared to the control group (p = 0.049). Serum insulin level and insulin resistance in the psoriatic patients were significantly higher (p value <0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that insulin resistance (measured by HOMA) was dependent on BMI and WC at a significance level of p < 0.001 and 0.043 respectively. Therefore, the psoriatic patients in this region have significantly high amount of fasting serum insulin level along with an increased IR though their FBG level remains normal. Furthermore, these abnormalities are significantly dependent on total body fat as well as abdominal fat deposits. We suggest that psoriatic patients need to be evaluated for metabolic syndrome and managed accordingly.     

抗生素耐药性的来源与控制对策

抗生素除了大量用于人类疾病的治疗外,还作为饲料添加剂被广泛应用于动物养殖业。微生物的抗生素耐药性就是指微生物能够在抗生素存在的情况下生长和繁殖。抗生素耐药性是环境微生物固有的,即所谓的内在抗性,但是人类大量使用抗生素带来的抗生素抗性基因的扩散和传播普遍存在,且已开始威胁到全球人群的健康。微生物对抗生素的抗性主要有3个机制:(1)抗生素的外排;(2)抗生素的降解或修饰;(3)抗生素作用位点的保护。大量研究表明,抗生素的使用和抗生素抗性的蔓延呈现良好的相关性,而且环境微生物的抗性可以通过基因横向转移向人类致病菌扩散,最终可能导致超级细菌的爆发,直接影响人类健康。为了应对全球性的抗生素抗性问题,必须加强:(1)全球抗生素使用和环境排放的监管政策和管理体系;(2)建立快速和透明的抗生素耐药性监测体系,使其涵盖医院、养殖业、污水处理厂等;(3)建立抗生素药物创新基金,通过政府和企业的联合,加快新型药物的研制;同时加强知识产权保护,使新药创制走上可持续之路;(4)加强抗生素耐药性相关的基础与应用研究,包括耐药性发生和传播的生态学机制,消除和缓解耐药性发生和传播的环境技术及其系统解决方案等,包括改进污水处理厂的处理工艺,削减出水中抗性基因和抗性菌的比例;(5)加强抗生素耐药性的科普宣传,提高全社会对耐药性的认知能力,从而在源头上有效控制抗生素在农业和医疗方面的滥用及其环境污染。     

通窍活血汤合泽泻汤加减治疗眩晕临床观察

目的:观察通窍活血汤合泽泻汤治疗痰瘀互阻型眩晕临床疗效.方法:将83例痰瘀互阻型眩晕患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,治疗1月后,观察两组临床疗效.结果:治疗组总有效率为85.71%,对照组总有效率为68.29%,两组疗效比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:通窍活血汤合泽泻汤治疗痰瘀互阻型眩晕疗效满意,值得临床应用.     

CRP,but not TNF-α or IL-6, decreases after weight loss in patients with morbid obesity exposed to intensive weight reduction and balneological treatment

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the degree of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with morbid obesity exposed to a three-week low-calorie diet and balneotherapy.

Methods

The study included 33 patients (25 females and 8 males; mean age 46 years) with body mass index (BMI) values of >40 kg/m². Evaluations of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose were carried out before (baseline data) and three weeks after the treatment. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers (15 females and 5 males) with a mean age of 39 years and BMI values of ≤24.9 kg/m².

Results

In the blood of patients with morbid obesity we found significantly elevated levels of CRP, TNF-α, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and fasting glucose, but a decreased level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, compared with the healthy individuals. The treatment resulted in about a 9.4% reduction in body weight from 122.5 to 111.0 kg and a significant decrease in the concentration of CRP, but no change in TNF-α or IL-6. HOMA-IR was significantly reduced.

Conclusion

The decrease in CRP level without changes in TNF-α or IL-6 concentrations after the low-calorie diet and balneological treatment, suggests that an essential amount of adipose tissue must be removed before proper adipocyte function is restored. The decrease in HOMA-IR indicates an improvement in insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial in obese patients.

     

145份小麦品种(系)的赤霉病抗性评价

采用土表接种的方法,对145份适合于淮河流域种植的小麦品种(系)进行了赤霉病的抗性鉴定和评价。以病小穗率为指标,与株高、穗长、旗叶长和旗叶宽等农艺性状做了相关性分析。结果表明,能够直接应用于大田生产的赤霉病抗性品种比较匮乏,145份材料中没有发现达到免疫和抗病水平的品系,2份达到中抗水平,46份材料表现为中感,10份材料介于中感至感病之间,87份材料表现为感病。从材料地理来源上看,仅有来自江苏的种质存在较好的抗病基因资源,而山东、安徽和河南地区的小麦品系普遍缺乏抗病性。相关性分析显示,病小穗率与株高极显著负相关,与旗叶长和旗叶宽极显著正相关,感病性的降低和丰产性的提高存在矛盾。     

伏安法测电阻实验中减少误差的几种方法

由于电表内阻的存在,故用传统的伏安法测电阻时会产生误差,为了减少测量误差,利用几种改进后的方法进行测量,测量过程简便、结果准确。