Physical Activity as a Natural Antioxidant Booster and its Effect on a Healthy Life Span

Abstract

The recent Surgeon General's report (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996) promotes regular physical activity to enhance health. A possible mechanism by which physical activity contributes to a healthy life span is via enhanced antioxidant status. The purpose of this paper is to summarize findings from human studies on life span, health, antioxidants, and the effectiveness of physical activity as a natural antioxidant booster. Epidemiological studies concur that some antioxidants are inversely related to mortality. A single bout of exercise elevates some antioxidant enzyme and coenzyme activities. Regular physical activity enhances some antioxidants; however, strenuous exercise may diminish others. Results generally show that antioxidants play a mediating role in the way in which physical activity positively affects a healthy life span.     

A biochemical study on variability of Superoxide dismutase,Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase in dry cleaners

Several chemicals which induce cytotoxicity are broadly classified into three types and they are organophosphate, organochlorine and carbomate compounds. Perchloroethylene has been clearly identified as a carcinogen in experimental animals and it’s a very common carcinogen used for dry clean purpose. Hence, in the present study, blood samples from dry cleaners were taken, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase activity was estimated in blood samples of dry cleaners. There was a significant increase in the activity of Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Superoxide Dismutase in dry cleaners of chronically exposed to perchloroethylene as compared to controls. The increased activities of antioxidant enzymes may be a compensatory regulation in response to increased oxidative stress induced by perchloroethylene.     

Protective influence of vitamin E on the antioxidant defence system in the whole blood and liver of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The effect of oral administration of vitamin E for twenty-eight consecutive days on blood glucose, reduced glutathione levels, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities), and levels of malondialdehyde (as an index of free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation) was observed in the whole blood and liver of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. It was found that oral administration of vitamin E significantly (p<0.05) lowered the blood glucose level and increased the body weight of the diabetic rats. The activities of superoxide dismutase and levels of reduced glutathione increased significantly (p<0.05) while the level of lipid peroxidation decreased.     

Protective Effect of Emblica officinalis Against Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress in Rats

The effect of Emblica officinalis fruit extract (EFE) against alcohol-induced hepatic damage in rats was investigated in the present study. In vitro studies showed that EFE possesses antioxidant as well nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity. In vivo administration of alcohol (5 g/kg b.wt/day) for 60 days resulted increased liver lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, nitrite plus nitrate levels. Alcohol administration also significantly lowers the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and reduced glutathione as compared with control rats. Administration of EFE (250 mg/kg body weight) to alcoholic rats significantly brought the plasma enzymes towards near normal level and also significantly reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and restored the enzymic and non-enzymatic antioxidants level. This observation was supplemented by histopathological examination in liver. Our data indicate that the tannoid, flavonoid and NO scavenging compounds present in EFE may offer protection against free radical mediated oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes of animals with alcohol-induced liver injury.     

茜草对耐力训练后一次力竭大鼠血清酶活性和某些生化指标的影响

为探讨茜草提取物对大强度耐力训练大鼠血清生化指标影响的机理,为茜草提取物作为运动补剂提供实验依据.利用ACE全自动生化分析仪、分光光度计等,测定了运动训练大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)活性、血糖(Glu)浓度、血红蛋白(Hb)、血清尿素(BU)、和肌肝糖原含量.结果表明:茜草提取物可保护重要器官免受自由基的损伤;增加肌肝糖原的含量;可明显延缓大鼠运动疲劳的发生.     

有氧运动训练对老年小鼠骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性的影响

研究长期有氧运动对小鼠骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性的影响。以C57BI。／6J雄性小鼠跑转笼为运动方式。通过分光光度法测定抗氧化酶MnSOD,GSH-Px活性及脂质过氧化产物脂褐素和MDA含量。结果发现。随着年龄的增加,脂质过氧化程度加重,MnSOD活性在衰老初期有升高但后期显降低,而有氧运动训练可明显降低衰老初期骨髂肌线粒体内脂褐素含量,提高GSH-Px活性。这提示长期有规律的适量运动训练在一定程度上能增强骨骼肌的氧化应激,诱导增强抗氧化能力,对延缓衰老有一定意义。     

运动对大鼠心肌线粒体游离钙的影响

采用游泳运动方式，观察了大鼠90分钟运动后，耗竭运动后即刻和耗竭运动24小时后心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平，抗氧化能力和游离钙含量的变化。发现：90分钟运动后心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平，抗氧化能力和游离钙含量未见明显变化。而耗竭性游泳后心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平显著提高，抗氧化能力和游离钙含量显著下降，24小时皆基本恢复。结果揭示耗竭运动时，机体内源性自由基产生，抗氧化能力下降是运动性疲劳和心肌损伤的原因之一。     

Antidiabetic and ameliorative potential of Ficus bengalensis bark extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic and ameliorative potential of aqueous extract of Ficus bengalensis bark in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The effect of oral administration of aqueous extract of F. bengalensis bark on blood glucose, serum electrolytes, serum glycolytic enzymes, liver microsomal protein, hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase enzymes and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats was studied. Oral administration of Ficus bengalensis to fed, fasted and glucose loaded diabetic rats significantly [F > 0.05 (ANOVA) and P< 0.05 (DMRT)] decreased the blood glucose level at 5 hrs and restored the levels of serum electrolytes, glycolytic enzymes and hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme systems and decreased the formation of liver and kidney lipid peroxides at the end of 12 weeks. Further, the aqueous extract of Ficus bengalensis at a dose of 500mg/kg/day exhibits significant antidiabetic and ameliorative activity as evidenced by histological studies in normal and Ficus bengalensis treated streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. On the basis of our findings, it could be used as an antidiabetic and ameliorative agent for better management of diabetes mellitus.     

不同凝乳酶对干酪成熟期间蛋白质降解的影响

本试验以西安常兴乳品厂当日生产鲜奶为原料,以进口的EZAL、MA0LL作发酵荆（由乳油连球菌和乳酸链球菌组成）,以微生物酶,小牛皱胃酶和胃蛋白酶,羔羊皱胃酶,木瓜蛋白酶。无花果蛋白酶作为凝乳酶生产硬质干酪,研究不同凝乳酶对干酪成熟期间蛋白质降解的影响。蛋白质降解测定结果表明,在干酪成熟过程中残留微生物凝乳酶和小牛皱胃酶对酪蛋白能力最强,天花果蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶最低,羔羊皱昌酶和猪胃蛋白酶居中。     

运动与自由基

本文采用文献综述法,阐述了自由基的类型、功能、自由基产生的机制以及抗氧化系统的种类等基本理论,特别随着自由基理论在竞技体育运动领域的运用,在运动过程中,不同形式的运动对体内自由基代谢及抗氧化酶活性的影响,成为运动医学关注的热点。通过4种不同形式的运动(急性运动、耐力运动、力竭运动和无氧运动)对自由基代谢及抗氧化酶活性的研究现状进行分析得出结论,并提出目前自由基研究中存在的不足。