昆虫壳聚糖对运动训练大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶系与SOD基因表达的影响

目的:报道了补充虫源壳聚糖对大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶系和SOD基因表达影响的研究结果。方法:对大负荷游泳训练大鼠补充剂量分别为各组平均体重的0.5 g/kg、1.0 g/kg和2.0 g/kg的虫源壳聚糖,在8周大负荷训练结束后测定肝脏抗氧化酶系的活性,并分析不同处理组动物肝脏SOD基因表达水平差异。结果:补充虫源壳聚糖能够显著提高抗氧化酶系活性,虫源壳聚糖0.5 g/kg补充组与单纯大负荷运动组相比,SOD、CAT和GSH-Px酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);虫源壳聚糖1.0 g/kg和2.0 g/kg补充组与单纯大负荷运动组相比:SOD、CAT和GSH-Px酶活性升高极为显著(P<0.01)。MDA含量在不同水平虫源壳聚糖补充组均显著低于单纯大负荷运动组(P<0.01)。对SOD基因表达分析结果显示,SOD酶活性的升高与其基因表达水平提高呈正相关。结论:补充虫源壳聚糖有助于提高训练大鼠的运动肝脏抗氧化酶系活性,活性的提高与相关编码基因的表达水平提高有关。     

Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on growth, fatty acid composition and hepatic lipogenesis in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.)

We examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth, fatty acid composition and enzyme activity of fatty acid oxidation in the liver of large yellow croaker. We divided 1600 fish (average initial weight 150 g) into 4 groups and reared them in 8 cages. Four dietary treatments were formulated to contain 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% (w/w) CLA, respectively. The fish were fed for 10 weeks ad libitum twice daily. We found that the dietary CLA had no effect on growth, biometric parameters and whole body proximate (P>0.05), but showed some significant effects on the fatty acid composition in both muscle and the liver.The activities oflipogenic enzymes were slightly depressed in fish fed with increasing levels of CLA when compared with control (P>0.05). Dietary CLA supplementation had no effects on liver lipid content, but significantly increased the contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P＜0.05) and decreased monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content in both muscle and the liver. Dietary CLA inclusion resulted in significant increases of the biologically active cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers in both tissues (P＜0.05). The total accumulation of CLA was higher in the liver (3.83%, w/w) than in muscle (3.77%, w/w) when fed with 4% (w/w) CLA. This study demonstrates that large yellow croakers are capable of absorbing and depositing CLA and long-chain n-3 PUFA in the liver and muscle, showing that this species fed with CLA could be an important human food source for these healthful fatty acids.     

多裂骆驼蓬提取物对燕麦种子活力和萌发代谢的影响

以不同浓度骆驼蓬提取液浸泡燕麦种子，通过室内培养研究对种子活力、幼苗生长、呼吸速率及淀粉酶、脂肪酶和转氨酶活力的影响．结果表明，骆驼蓬提取物明显降低种子活力，抑制幼苗生长和呼吸速率及种子萌发过程中胚乳淀粉酶、脂肪酶和转氨酶活性，抑制作用随骆驼蓬提取液浓度提高而增强．     

Biochemical activity of selenium and glutathione on country made liquor (CML) induced hepatic damage in rats

The serum and hepatic enzymes of rats were studied after exposed to country made liquor (CML) along with two chelating agents (glutathione and Selenium). There was a significant increase in several serum enzyme levels (viz., aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, bilirubin) and decrease in various hepatic enzymes (Succinic dehydrogenase, Glucose 6-phosphatase, 5'Nucleotiease, Acid phosphatase, Acid ribonuclease, Cytochrome P-450) due to repeated administration of CML (2ml/100g of body weight). Results of this study revealed that the GSH and Se could give a significant protective action in serum and hepatic enzymes of CML exposed rats.     

Effect of folic acid and vitamin B<Subscript>12</Subscript> administration on phenytoin induced toxicity in rats

Folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ are very important vitamins needed for normal cellular metabolic activities. The effects of folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ on liver integrity of growing Wistar albino rats following therapeutic dose of phenytoin administration were investigated. The activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP were investigated. Serum total protein level and lipid profile were also measured as indices of biochemical changes. The ingestion of phenytoin alone in rats significantly reduced serum protein while AST, ALT activities incresed as compared to the control (P<0.05). Supplementation of phenytoin with oral administration of 70microgram/kg body wt of folic acid resulted in a significant reversal in serum total protein and suppression in serum AST and ALT activities. Vitamin B₁₂ supplementation did not afford any significant protection against the effect of phenytoin ingestion but rather phenytoin toxicity was exacerbated in this study. However, the combined effects of vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid ameliorated the effects of phenytoin on serum enzymes of experimental rats. The effect of combination of phenytoin with folic acid or folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ is an interesting finding. Supplementation of phenytoin with folic acid or combination of these vitamins may be recommended for the purpose of ameliorating the adverse biochemical changes which are associated with phenytoin therapy. Further work is ongoing to help elucidate the effects of phenytoin and these vitamins on oxidative stress inducing mechanism.     

Free radical injury and antioxidant status in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer

Reactive oxygen species and other free radicals are known to be the mediators of phenotypic and genotypic changes that lead from mutation to neoplasia. There are some primary antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and reduced glutathione, which protect against callular and molecular damage caused by the reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs). The present study was conducted to determine the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), as an index of lipid peroxidation, along with the GPx, GSTs activities and level of reduced glutathione in 45 prostate cancer (PC) patients, 55 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients as compared to the controls. Significant higher levels of MDA and GSTs activities in the serum, (P<0.005) and significant lower levels of reduced GSH concentration and GPx activity in blood haemolysates (P<0.05) of PC and BPH patients were observed as compared to the controls. The relatively higher GSTs activity and low level of reduced GSH may be due to the response of increased reactive oxygen metabolites production in the blood. The higher MDA and lower GPx activities may be inadequate to detoxify high levels of H₂O₂ into H₂O leading to the formation of the^*OH radical followed by MDA. This result hypothesizes that oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may be one of the major factor responsible for the development of prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia.     

几种抗氧化剂对菜籽油的抗氧化效果的研究

采用烘箱贮藏法 ,以菜籽油为底物 ,测定了几种抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性 ,结果显示 ,植酸有很强的抗氧化活性 ,略优于丁基羟基茴香醚 (BHA) ,但明显优于乙氧基喹啉 (EQ)。     

Hepatic Enzyme’s Reference Intervals and Their Modulating Factors in Western Indian Population

The reference intervals (RIs) of serum aminotransferases and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) have been established many years ago. Recent RIs are not available. The prospective study was conducted to re-evaluate the RIs of liver enzymes and the effect of demographic and anthropometric variables on them in western Indian population. A total of 1059 blood donors comprised the study population. Anthropometry and serum liver enzymes levels were measured. Subjects were categorized into normal weight and overweight by using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). For RI determination, non-parametric methodology recommended by IFCC/CLSI was adopted. Mann–Whitney test and Spearman’s rank correlation were used for statistical analysis. Upper limit of normal reference value of liver enzymes were lower in female compared to male. (ALT—23.55 F vs 36.00 M, GGT—34.58 F vs 36.20 M) When RI of liver enzymes were calculated according to body mass index, the upper limit of normal of ALT and GGT were higher in overweight group compared to normal weight group. (ALT—38.00 vs 27.00 IU/L and GGT—37.59 vs 35.26 IU/L). In both male and female, liver enzymes correlated significantly with age. WC and BMI were positively correlated with AST, ALT and GGT in both subgroups and the correlation was stronger in male. Demographic factors should be considered for making liver enzyme tests more clinically relevant. Gender based partitioning should be adopted for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and GGT reference values for Western Indian population.     

香根草提取物对二化螟生长发育及体内保护酶活力的影响

将香根草地上部分不同极性溶剂(石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水)的提取物加入到人工饲料中喂食二化螟幼虫,进行了提取物对二化螟初孵幼虫的毒杀作用、三龄幼虫的生长发育抑制作用及其体内保护酶(POD,SOD和CAT)活性影响的测定分析。结果表明,不同溶剂的提取物(0.01 g/m L)对二化螟幼虫均有毒杀作用,其作用大小排序为石油醚乙酸乙酯正丁醇水,其中石油醚提取物处理3 d后二化螟初孵幼虫存活率为15.8%,5 d后存活率为0.8%。三龄幼虫取食添加了不同提取物(0.05 g/ml)的人工饲料7 d后,生长发育均得到明显抑制,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物作用最强,生长发育抑制率分别达111.11%和109.50%;同时,三龄幼虫体内的SOD活力明显高于对照,CAT和POD活力明显低于对照,其中石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物和对照差异均达显著水平。研究表明香根草中含对二化螟幼虫有毒杀和生长发育抑制作用的活性物质,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物中最为丰富。香根草提取物扰乱了二化螟幼虫体内保护酶SOD、CAT和POD的动态平衡,使虫体内自由基的清除遇到障碍,从而对其产生毒害作用。     

间歇运动训练和急性间歇运动对缺血/再灌注大鼠心电图及血清心肌酶的影响

目的:探索长期运动训练和急性运动的心脏保护作用及心电指标的变化规律,为进一步研究运动预适应机制提供依据.方法:32只3月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分成3大组:间训模型组(n=8)、急性运动模型组和对照组(n=8),间歇运动训练组进行高强度间歇运动训练,急性间歇运动组仅进行急性高强度的间歇运动,对照组(n=16)不运动,在心脏模型制备时对照组随机分成对照模型组(n=8)和对照假手术组(n=8).运动训练结束后,各组大鼠均采用结扎左冠状动脉制备在体大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型,但对照假手术组只开胸穿线而不结扎.缺血/再灌注过程实行全程心电监控,缺血30 min、再灌注40 min后,测定血清心肌酶.结果:经间歇运动训练和急性间歇运动处理的缺血/再灌注大鼠血清心肌酶明显低于对照模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01);缺血30 min及再灌注40 min间歇运动训练组心电图ST段、T波面积和QT间期明显低于对照模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01);再灌注40min急性间歇运动组心电图ST段、T波和QT间期明显低于对照模型组(P<0.05).结论:长期间歇运动训练产生心肌抗缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用,急性运动主要产生抗心脏再灌注损伤的保护作用.