Curriculum,pedagogy and assessment: three message systems of schooling and dimensions of quality physical education

This paper identifies ‘quality’ as an internationally relevant concept to be problematised in contemporary debates about physical education (PE). Drawing on the conceptualisation of curriculum by B. Bernstein in 1977, pedagogy and assessment as three inter-related message systems of schooling, the paper presents and explores curriculum, pedagogy and assessment as three fundamental dimensions of ‘quality PE’. Discussion addresses what quality in each dimension may mean in PE, and demand in practice. Contemporary initiatives in Australia and New Zealand provide a reference point for exploring the prospective application of quality conceptualised in terms of the three inter-related dimensions. Attention is drawn to frameworks in mainstream education that may be utilised in endeavours to critically review current practices, and inform developments directed towards achieving quality in PE. It is argued that achieving quality in PE requires that quality is pursued and demonstrated within and across curriculum, pedagogy and assessment, and that meanings of quality always need to be contextualised in cultural, social and institutional terms.     

Swedish PE teachers’ understandings of legitimate movement in a criterion-referenced grading system

Background: Physical Education (PE) has been associated with a multi-activity model in which movement is related to sport discourses and sport techniques. However, as in many international contexts, the Swedish national PE syllabus calls for a wider and more inclusive concept of movement. Complex movement adapted to different settings is valued, and in the national grading criteria qualitative measures of movement are used. This research seeks to examine how the wider concept of movement is interpreted and graded. Drawing on Bernstein’s concept of the pedagogic device, the paper explores teachers’ roles as active mediators in the transformation of national grading criteria for movement and the kinds of movement that are valued in teachers’ grading practices. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate what PE teachers consider legitimate movement in a criterion-referenced grading system and the factors that influence their grading practice. The Repertory Grid (RG) technique was employed in order to access their tacit knowledge. Methodology: Seven Swedish PE teachers were interviewed, all of whom teach and grade years seven to nine in different compulsory schools. Using the RG technique, the teachers were asked to reflect on the aspects they considered important for achieving a high grade. The national grading criteria for years seven to nine were then presented one at a time and the teachers were asked to describe how they assessed and graded each requirement. The teachers were also asked whether any specific factors had influenced their grading. In the content analysis, the second part of the interview was attended to first and the results were interpreted in light of Bernsteins’ concept of the pedagogic device. Findings: Sport techniques and competitive sports influenced the teachers’ interpretations of what constitutes complex movement. The aspect of fitness also appeared to be valued by the teachers in that it facilitates the valued movement. In some cases the difficulty of describing movement qualities in words could reduce the concept of movement to something measurable and quantifiable. The teachers’ concerns about students’ unequal opportunities to develop and demonstrate their skills also influenced the teachers’ interpretation of complex movement. Conclusions: In the transformation of national grading criteria to grading practice, the pedagogic actions taken inform and limit the way in which legitimate movement in PE is conceptualised. Adopting a concept of movement that is wider than competitive sports allows the structures of inequality to be addressed and enables the movements performed by students with other moving experiences than competitive sports to be valued. The tension between the demands of transparency in a high stakes grading system and the inability to articulate the quality of complex movements is problematic. There is a need to verbalise teachers’ conceptions about physical education knowledge to be able to discuss and develop the concept of movement. In this process, the RG technique is a potentially useful tool. Having the language to discuss movement qualities also enables us to strengthen the interrelation between curriculum, pedagogy and assessment.     

Combined individual scrummaging kinetics and muscular power predict competitive team scrum success

Scrummaging is a major component of Rugby Union gameplay. Successful scrummaging is dependent on the coordination of the forward players and the strength of the eight individuals. The study aim was to determine whether individual scrummaging kinetics and other candidate factors associated with scrummaging performance discriminate team scrum performances. Sixteen club-level forwards (stature: 1.80?±?0.1?m; mass: 99.0?±?18.2?kg) were initially divided into two scrummaging packs. A total of 10 various scrum permutations were tested, where players were randomly swapped between the two packs. Winning scrums were determined by two observers on opposite sides of the scrum. Fatigue (100?mm visual analogue scale (VAS)) and scrummaging effort (6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) were assessed following each scrum contest. Individual scrummaging kinetics were acquired through an instrumented scrum ergometer and muscular power indicated through vertical jump heights. Student’s t-tests were used to differentiate between winning and losing scrum packs. VAS and RPE were assessed using repeated measures ANOVAs. Winning scrum packs had significantly larger combined force magnitudes (p?<?.002), regardless of the player contribution calculations. Additionally, winning packs had less individual movement (p?=?.033) and higher combined vertical jump heights (p?<?.001) but were not significantly heavier (p?=?.759) than losing scrum packs. While perceived VAS and RPE values progressively increased (p?<?.001), no differences in the individual scrum magnitudes were observed between the 1st and 10th scrum (p?=?.418). The results indicated that the combination of individual forces, variation in movement and factors related to scrummaging performance, such as vertical jump height, were associated with team scrummaging success.     

体育市场中的灰色综合评估分析——以李宁公司销售网络评估为例

依据我国体育市场的特殊性,借助对李宁公司主要销售网络城市的评估分析,介绍了灰色综合方法在体育市场分析中的具体应用,为当前变化发展中的体育市场分析评估工作提供有针对性的实用量化方法。     

Breaking Down Barriers for Student Parents and Caregivers with Family-Friendly Library Spaces

Abstract

In 2016, J. Murrey Atkins Library at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte opened a reservable study room where student parents and caregivers can study with their children on campus. In 2018, the library opened a second family-friendly study room to meet the needs of our growing campus community. To inform the room design, the library conducted a mixed methods research study that included a user survey, an examination of room reservation and usage data, and one-on-one user interviews. This paper focuses on the user-centered design process used to inform the development of the second, family-friendly, library study room.     

大学图书馆成效评估及其指标体系构建探索

大学图书馆成效评估是对用户在接触图书馆所提供的资源、服务和活动之后所发生的改变进行评估。绩效评估关注图书馆投入与产出的效率,成效评估关注图书馆服务的影响与效果。大学图书馆成效评估的内容主要包括对学习、研究、教学的影响评估。该文结合国外大学图书馆成效评估的实践案例,对大学图书馆成效评估的定义、内容、意义以及评估指标体系等进行探索。成效评估是基于用户为中心的新的评估理论和方法,有利于争取社会各界对图书馆的支持和提高图书馆服务质量。     

基于语义准则函数的中文评论性文本极性聚类算法研究

通常用于评论性文本极性挖掘的方法是采用有监督的学习算法完成的,但有监督的学习算法需要大量人工标注的训练集,而且其在处理文本集时还会面临维数灾难、稀疏向量、高时空复杂度、低召回率和精确率等问题而无法用于海量的文本极性分类任务。经典的K-means均值聚类算法是聚类分析中使用最为广泛的算法之一,其具有诸多的优良特性和不足。针对上述情况,本文将语义引入经典K-means均值聚类算法中,构造了专门针对中文评论文本极性判断的极性词语义词典,提出了一种基于语义准则函数的K-means均值聚类算法。这项研究是运用基于语义的聚类方法对汉语主观性文本处理的一次探索。实验结果显示总平均召回率达到了80.70%,总平均精确率达到了67.75%,说明该算法是可行和有效的。     

一体化管理体系与高校图书馆管理

阐述一体化管理体系(包括质量管理体系、环境管理体系、职业健康安全管理体系)的含义和高校图书馆贯彻一体化管理体系的全部过程;指出高校图书馆在贯彻一体化管理体系中所做的工作和取得的成绩,指出高校图书馆贯彻一体化管理体系的作用,认为高校图书馆贯彻一体化管理体系利大于弊。     

论体操的分类及其内容

采用文献资料法和综合分析法,通过梳理体操内涵的变迁过程,分析体操分类与内容存在的问题,以体操功效理论作为分类标准,将体操分为三大类：一是器械性体操,二是价值性体操,三是基本体操;以体操运动技术序列发展的时空顺序为依据确立体操各类的内容。     

涉枪支、弹药犯罪中军用枪支、军用弹药的认定问题研究

为了打击对公共安全、社会稳定及人民群众生命财产安全造成严重危害的涉枪、涉爆类案件,最高人民法院于2001年5月15日发布了《关于审理非法制造、买卖、运输枪支、弹药、爆炸物等刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》,其对枪支、弹药采用了军用与非军用的概念,但却未明确区分二者的标准,导致在司法实践中如何认定军用枪支和子弹引起了较大争议,笔者通过分析《解释》中枪支分类方法,提出了正确界定军用枪支、弹药的标准,为非法制造、买卖、运输枪支、弹药、爆炸物等犯罪的正确定罪量刑提供了依据。