从生物科技发展看20世纪社会对科学技术的整合作用

现代科学技术的发展将我们带入信息化、数字化的时代,它深刻地影响着经济的繁荣、社会的发展和每个人的幸福。然而,科学技术在20世纪的各项重大成就及其巨大的文化功能的实现,却是在特定社会环境中完成的,与社会对科学技术的整合密切相关。本文以20世纪具有代表性的生物科学技术的发展成就为例,分析了政治、经济、文化等因素对现化科学技术的整合作用,意在强调,在世纪之交的中国,必须吸取历史的经验教训,为21世纪科学技术的发展创造更多良好的社会整合条件,实现中华民族的腾飞。     

论美国对华政策调整的利益需求

美国调整对华政策的根本目的在于最大限度地满足其自身利益需求。在防范中国、借重中国中,维护美国的亚欧安全利益;在其资金和技术与中国商机无限的大市场的紧密结合中,确保美国下世纪的经济利益;在合作与接触中,用美国的价值观念来“引导”中国,确保美国全球民主化的政治利益。美国对华政策的调整说明,美国对中国的依存度在增加,中美双方的共同利益在增多,但战略目标上的根本矛盾不会消除     

内蒙古自治区城市化发展途径及趋势

内蒙古自治区城市化进程经历了正常发展、大起大落、徘徊不前和飞速发展等阶段。内蒙古城镇发展,主要受资源、国家重点开发与建设、经济基础、生态环境条件、地缘和区位优势、交通便捷、产业结构优化等动力因素的影响,其发展途径多种多样。内蒙古城市化发展趋势,主要是大城市适度发展,使城镇群的规模等级结构与职能结构趋向合理;中小城市飞速发展,提高其城市现代化水平;县城的规模和功能迅速扩大和增强,乡镇快速发展成城镇和集镇,推进城市化进程;乡村、牧区迅速实现现代化,促进城乡一体化     

当前信息、生物和新能源产业技术创新特点分析

与信息技术及其产业相比,生物技术、新能源技术的发展仍然处于初期,产业规模和应用范围依然较小。未来10年左右,这些产业将会与信息产业并驾齐驱,还是某些产业会取代信息产业成为新的带头产业?本文对当前信息、生物、新能源的技术创新特点进行了分析。     

From perceived polarization of immigration attitudes to collective action

In the context where immigration divides the political space of Western societies, perceived social polarization as an explanation of collective action is surprisingly understudied in contemporary social psychology. We hypothesize that the more people perceive polarization, the more they will engage in collective action in line with their attitudes. Moreover, this effect should be explained by two interrelated factors: identification and perceived efficacy. Perceived polarization should shape how important immigration attitudes are for individuals’ self-definition and thereby believing oneself capable of making a change, which in turn triggers collective action. To test our predictions, we conducted three studies (Studies 1 and 2 were correlational and Study 3 experimental) among mobilized and non-mobilized samples in two countries (i.e., Belgium and Switzerland). Results partially support our predictions that perceived social polarization on immigration issues relates to engaging in collective action. Indirect effect analyses revealed the predominant role of identity dynamics in the social psychological processes linked to perceiving polarization. These results provide potential explanations to the strong mobilization that emerged since 2015 following the so-called migrant crisis. Implications of our findings for collective action literature are discussed.     

青少年移情水平与网络亲社会行为的研究

本研究通过问卷法对426名高中生的网络环境下的亲社会行为表现与其移情水平的关系进行调查,结果表明：1.高中生在网络上的亲社会行为表现比较乐观,其网络亲社会行为表现从高到低依次是：抚慰、合作、分享、帮助;高中生的网络亲社会行为在年级和周上网时间上存在着显著差异.2.高中生移情水平较高;女生的移情水平要高于男生.3.移情水平与网络亲社会行为有着极显著的正相关,高移情水平的高中生更易于在网络上表现出亲社会行为.     

大学生体育锻炼态度的若干差别及其原因调研——以昆明地区本科大学生为例

对昆明地区大学生的体育锻炼态度进行问卷调查,结合对教师和部分学生进行访谈,并且参考部分专家对体育锻炼态度的研究理论,探讨大学生的锻炼态度在不同性别、学科、生源上的差异,以及分析引起差异的原因,旨在为社会、学校、家庭提供大学生的体育锻炼态度的研究成果,提高对大学生的体育锻炼态度的认识水平。     

改革开放30年中国图书馆事业发展的7个关键词

以发展的眼光,从拨乱反正、蓬勃发展、馆员（队伍）建设、管理体制、服务创新、现代化建设、资源共享7个层面回顾我国图书馆事业的发展历程。论述改革开放30年,中国图书馆事业逐渐发展壮大,实现传统图书馆到现代图书馆的历史性跨越;这不仅开启我国图书馆事业迅速繁荣发展的伟大历程,而且也为未来图馆事业发展积累宝贵经验。     

Science and it’s Images – Promise and Threat: From Classic Literature to Contemporary Students’ Images of Science and “The Scientist”

The physical and social image of the scientist among school children, student teachers, and teachers over the last 50 years was investigated. Interest has also been shown in the perception of the personality behind the physical stereotype. Nevertheless, the value judgments of science and scientists and the positive and negative mind–sets attaching to these judgments in our society were less investigated, either in Israel or abroad. In this investigation models given to science and scientists in the classical literature and by some popular science writers were investigated, together with contemporary learners’ views. The populations consist of 125 high school students from Israel. Several tools were used during this investigation to decipher the images of science: Closed questionnaire, writing an essay, and semistructured collective interviews. Classical authors have pessimistic views about science and the scientists. Most models are unfavorable, and criticize the scientists: The mad and monstrous scientist (Frankenstein), the scientist who is alienated from human life (The Physicists), the scientist who is cut off from reality, the “geek” (Gulliver’s Travels), the scientist whose irresponsible research is harmful to the environment (Jurassic Park), the scientist who hungers for knowledge at any cost (Faust). The positive images found especially in the popular science literature: the scientist who cures diseases (Microbe Hunters), the scientist who has professional integrity (Galaxies), the scientist who keeps to the rules of the scientific method to obtain objective results (Wrinkles in Time). We found that some expressions relating to fear of science which have appeared in the classics since the beginning of the 18^th century were found in a similar way with students of the 21^st century, while others expressed that same fear in different ways. There was also an identification with Swift’s “unsociable and unemotional” scientists. Alongside the existence of expressions of fear of science, and mainly ambivalent opinions of students toward science, the dominant picture that stands out in this study is that our contemporary students are pro science, and regard science as a useful area of society.