Teacher evaluation policy as perceived by school principals: the case of Flanders (Belgium)

In Flanders (Belgium), a new teacher evaluation policy was issued which placed a lot of autonomy with school principals to develop and implement a new teacher evaluation system. In this study, we explore how Flemish principals perceive the new teacher evaluation policy and what influences their perception. Results demonstrate that principals perceive the policy as clear, but they are rather negative about the need, practicality, and complexity of the summative teacher evaluation. This perception is influenced by policy, context, and individual factors as is demonstrated in our qualitative analyses.     

Three dimensions of equity of access to higher education

Concerns over equity of access to higher education are widespread, but there is significant disagreement over what should constitute a fair system. This article assesses diverse conceptualisations of equity and explores the ways in which they embody themselves in the policies of three systems, those of England, Brazil and Kenya. While showing significant disparities of income level and enrolment ratio, all three have made concerted efforts to expand higher education access, accompanied by increasing stratification in terms of the quality and prestige of institutions. Analysis of policy options and outcomes leads to a proposal of three principles for understanding equity of access: availability, accessibility and horizontality. The third of these principles addresses the little-acknowledged safeguard that disadvantaged students should not be confined to lower-quality institutions, while at the same time allowing for diversity of ethos and disciplinary focus.     

论环境管理

对环境管理政策的概念、特征及体系进行初步探讨，分析我国现阶段的环境管理政策及环境管理政策体系，以期对我国环境管理政策体系的建立和完善提供参考．     

发挥知识产权制度功效：基于运行机制内涵的分析

从分析知识产权运行机制内涵和其特点出发,对比发达国家知识产权运行机制,提出一种完善我国知识产权运行机制的策略建议。     

国外激励企业R＆D的财政政策趋势研究

通过对激励企业R＆D财政政策的研究，认为政府对企业R＆D的激励力度逐步加大；中小企业研发、合作研发和跨国公司研发是各国财政政策的支持重点。激励政策工具主要有直接资助和间接激励。越来越多的国家倾向于间接激励方式。许多国家开始采用研发人员个人所得税优惠政策。对我国研发激励政策提出相关建议。     

One size fits all?: Towards a differentiated regional innovation policy approach

Innovation has moved to the foreground in regional policy in the last decade. Concrete policies were shaped by “best practice models” derived from high-tech areas and well performing regions. These are often applied in a similar way across many types of regions. Here an attempt is made to show that there is no “ideal model” for innovation policy as innovation activities differ strongly between central, peripheral and old industrial areas. In this paper we analyse different types of regions with respect to their preconditions for innovation, networking and innovation barriers. Based on this classification different policy options and strategies are developed.     

欧盟和中国创新政策比较研究

本文采用欧盟创新趋势图表(EuropeanTrendChartonInnovation)项目中对创新政策的分类体系,介绍和比较了欧盟和中国的创新政策,并指出了双方创新政策实践上的差异和差距。最后提出未来中国创新政策制定和执行可以努力的方向。     

台湾“开放型”科技产业政策研究

本文以台湾“科技导向”的发展战略为脉络 ,分析了“开放型”科技产业政策产生的动因及实施效果 ;剖析了由“开放”转向“紧缩”的弊端 ;对科技产业政策的稳定性与协同性提出了若干浅见。     

预印本平台数据开放共享政策的内容构成与特点剖析

[目的 /意义]开放科学环境下,探究预印本平台的数据开放共享政策有助于保障科研利益相关者的数据质量,推动研究数据更加开放、共享、安全与透明。[方法 /过程]基于研究团队跟踪的125个预印本平台中共63份数据开放共享政策文本,利用网络调查与文本分析的方法进行内容挖掘与特点剖析。[结果 /结论 ]通过分析得出预印本平台的数据开放共享政策在数据创建、数据存储、数据发布、数据访问、数据重用5个阶段的主要特征,为更多预印本平台在未来制定完备的数据开放共享政策提供切入点与参考思路。     

Political ideology and information technology in government online communication

Government agencies are directed to communicate objective and scientific information to the public, but studies show that political ideology may play a role in how much information governments provide. In this paper I argue that the ideology of a head administrator, and its alignment with agency mission, can restrict the kinds of information that government agencies provide, which may or may not amount to a type of regulatory capture. This impact may also be moderated by the specific media in which the communication takes place. I explore this theory via a case study of the United States Environmental Protection Agency online communication over a period of 32 months, during the years of 2013–2014, under the Democratic Administrator Gina McCarthy, and 2017–2018, under the Republican Administrator Scott Pruitt, via topical terms and document analyses of Twitter posts and web news releases. The information—topics, policies and issues—remain largely consistent across administrations and media channels, but notable distinctions are observed that point to the political ideologies of administrators in office, including a restriction of relevant scientific information on climate change during the misaligned administrator. Moreover, results show differences across media types which may reflect speed and popularity affordances of Twitter compared to website communication. I conclude by discussing the importance of policies to protect against ideological partisanship, and how social media may be better used as tools in government information policy and online communication.