基于暗通道先验与 YOLO 的水下河蟹识别研究

为解决全自动均匀投饵作业船在河蟹养殖过程中投饵不精准问题,引入水下摄像设备采集图像,但采集的图像存在对比度低、模糊和图像退化等问题。为此,采用暗通道先验提高图像对比度。利用 YOLO 卷积神经网络技术快速准确地识别出低照度环境下的河蟹,识别准确率达到 98%,平均耗时 50ms。获得河蟹生长、分布信息后测算出河蟹养殖密度,为全自动均匀投饵作业船精准投饲提供数据支持     

Monitoring the ‘Enlaces’ educational computer network

The use of networks in education is experiencing world-wide growth. Many schools have taken advantage of the reduction of price in modems, the emergence of electronic bulletin boards and world-wide web pages with educational content, and the availability of software for public participation in networks. Nevertheless, little information is available about the quality and quantity of existing network traffic; information that would allow organizations, network project administrators and supporters, to evaluate its impact, know its usage, evolution and projections. This paper presents some of the traffic monitoring mechanisms presently in use in a Chilean educational network (the Enlaces Project), together with examples of the information collected through these mechanisms.     

基于灰色神经网络组合模型的电力消费量预测——以河北省为例

在分析灰色预测模型GM(1,1)以及BP神经网络预测模型2种单一模型在电力消费量预测方面不足的基础上,提出灰色神经网络组合预测模型。以河北省电力消费量为基础,分别用3种模型进行预测,并加以比较分析。结果表明,灰色神经网络组合模型提高了关于河北省中长期电力消费量的预测精度,对河北省未来电力系统及能源需求规划具有一定参考价值。     

中西部地区地方本科高校专利协作的特征与影响因素研究——以河南省为例

[目的/意义]发现地方本科高校协同创新规律,探索更为高效的地方本科高校区域协同创新机制,对于降低我国中西部高等教育资源相对缺乏省份的区域创新成本、提高区域创新水平具有十分重要的现实意义。[方法/过程]本文以河南省省属本科高校为例,通过对其2014-2016年国内机构合作发明专利的统计分析,考察了中西部省份地方省属高校协同创新的特征与影响因素。[结果/结论]研究结果显示,河南省省属本科高校存在合作发明专利数量偏少、比例偏低、在合作网络中存在围绕地域与机构内敛的小圈子等现象。针对这些现象可能产生的影响,本文进行了讨论。     

Weak Ties in Networked Communities

Communities with high levels of social capital are likely to have a higher quality of life than communities with low social capital. This is due to the greater ability of such communities to organize and mobilize effectively for collective action because they have high levels of social trust, dense social networks, and well-established norms of mutuality (the major features of social capital). Communities with “bridging” social capital (weak ties across groups) as well as “bonding” social capital (strong ties within groups) are the most effective in organizing for collective action. People who belong to multiple groups act as bridging ties. When people with bridging ties use communication media, such as the Internet, they enhance their capability to educate community members and to organize, as needed, for collective action. This article summarizes evidence from stratified household survey data in Blacksburg, VA, showing that people with weak (bridging) ties across groups have higher levels of community involvement, civic interest, and collective efficacy than people without bridging ties among groups. Moreover, heavy Internet users with bridging ties have higher social engagement, use the Internet for social purposes, and have been attending more local meetings and events since going online than heavy Internet users with no bridging ties. These findings may suggest that the Internet—in the hands of bridging individuals-is a tool for enhancing social relations and information exchange, and for increasing face-to-face interaction, all of which help to build both bonding and bridging social capital in communities.     

突发事件网络谣言危机预警及模拟仿真研究

[目的/意义] 提前进行网络谣言监控和预警是立体化防控网络谣言、增强社会稳定、提高政府执政能力的关键。移动互联网时代,突发事件发生后极易在网络上引起热点舆情、网络危机信息的传播同时为网络谣言的扩散提供良好的土壤,无形中增大了政府部门应对谣言的挑战。[方法/过程] 本文采用遗传算法优化BP神经网络构建网络谣言危机预警模型,拟实现对突发事件网络谣言的监控、预警仿真及风险的量化评估。实证分析案例选取天津"8·12"爆炸事故与"和颐酒店女生遇袭事件",通过计算机对这两起突发事件衍生的网络谣言建立预警模型,并对模拟仿真结果进行验证。[结果/结论] 结果表明,遗传算法优化BP神经网络模型在突发事件网络谣言危机预警方面具有较好的适用性,与仅采用BP神经网络模型相比预警的准确性更好。     

企业网络与中小企业成长的关系研究

企业网络是中小企业获取资源的重要组织模式,该文主要研究不同类型企业网络对中小企业成长的影响,并对不同类型企业网络之间的相互关系进行探讨。首先,该文基于企业网络的资源贡献维度将中小企业网络细分为社交网络、声誉网络、合作竞争网络、营销网络和技术合作网络五类,在此基础上提出一个企业网络与中小企业成长的关系模型。随后,通过对我国东北地区中小企业的实证研究,对该文提出的模型及假设进行验证。结论指出营销网络和技术合作网络是中小企业成长的直接推动力,而声誉网络会降低中小企业的成长性,社交网络和合作竞争网络对中小企业的成长并无直接作用。其中,社交网络和声誉网络会影响其他类型网络的发展,是中小企业网络集形成和发展的基础。     

Social networks and coordination performance of distributed software development teams

In this study, we explore the coordination performance of the geographically distributed software development teams by exploring OSS (Open Source Software) development dataset available through SourceForge.com. OSS team structures have traditionally been geographically dispersed and therefore, the coordination of post release activities such as testing efforts have been carried out by means of communication via electronic forms, such as email or message boards and forums. In our current communication-enriched environment, best practices for coordination are adopted by all software projects yet some still fail to achieve their target performance. Does team structure have any bearing on the performance outcome of the project? How does the communication between teams and their external parties affect ultimate success or failure of projects? We seek to answer above questions by applying existing theories and analytical methods from social networks for exploring the coordination performance of defect management activities found in OSS projects. We propose social networks based theoretical model for exploring distributed coordination structure and apply that for the case of OSS defect management process for exploring the structural properties, which induce the greatest coordination performance. The outcome of our suggest that there is correlation between certain network measures such as density, centrality and betweenness and coordination performance measures of defect management systems such as quality and timeliness.     

劳动密集型中小工业企业新型工业化程度的测度与实证分析

基于企业网络组织的视角,以江苏省邳州市板材产业中小企业集群式网络组织中的10个劳动密集型中小工业企业为例进行了实证研究。一方面,通过构建新型工业化评价指标体系,借助模糊评价方法来测度企业的新型工业化程度;另一方面,采用社会网络方法和Ucinet软件,通过特征值中心度指标探讨劳动密集型中小工业企业在企业网络组织中的重要程度,并进一步利用灰色关联法,分析了新型工业化程度与网络关系的相关关系。     

同构型知识基础合作研发伙伴的优势

在专利竞赛的压力下,企业普遍选择知识基础多元化、网络化路线。基于汽车产业1999—2010年专利数据和负二项混合回归模型的实证研究表明,企业自身知识基础多元化与创新产出正相关,而自身知识基础网络密度与创新产出负相关;合作研发伙伴知识基础多元化正向调节自身知识基础多元化,合作研发伙伴知识基础网络密度正向调节自身知识基础网络密度。同构型合作研发伙伴有利于企业自身吸收能力的释放,对于提升其创新产出更有优势。