Introduction to this Special Issue

In 2001, for the first time in the history of the International Association for Counselling, International Conference was held in a developing Asian country–India, with the theme Families in Transition–Counselling in Transition–Meeting the Challenges Ahead. This special issue contains some of the presentations made by Indian participants during this conference which best reflect the challenges and diversities of counseling efforts with families in India. The first article was specially written for this issue in order to give an international relationship of this journal an in depth contextual understanding of Indian families in transition and the challenges they pose to the contemporary Indian counselor. Two articles are reflected to counseling families affected by socio-politial and economic changes. Five authors have written on counseling related to physical and mental disability/addiction and last two articles are reflected to authors experiences as family counselors.     

热学孤立系统中温升变化的实验分析

通过对热学孤立系统中温升变化的实验分析，阐明影响热学孤立系统实验结果的主要因素，所得到的结论对热学孤立系统的同类实验也适用。     

Effect of Air Velocity on Thermal Comfort under Thermal Environment Ramp Changing

Set points of the indoor air temperature and relative humidity in short-term staying location were studied. In this condition, the thermal reaction of human body varied with the ramp changes of the environmental thermal parameters. The change rules of about 60 subjects‘ thermal reaction to the ramp change of environment were surveyed, and the effect of air movement on the thermal reaction during transient condition was considered by using a questionnaire. With the experimental results and research findings under stable condition, a way to set environmental parameters of short-time staying location was recommended.     

Conceptual change through vicarious learning in an authentic physics setting

Recent research on principles of best practice for designing effective multimedia instruction has rarely taken into account students’ alternative conceptions, which are known to strongly influence learning. The goal of this study was to determine how well students of quantum mechanics could learn ‘vicariously’ by watching a student-tutor dialogue based on alternative conceptions. Two video treatments were created to summarize key aspects of quantum tunneling, a fundamental quantum mechanical phenomenon. One video depicted a student-tutor dialogue, incorporating many of the common alternative conceptions on the topic, and resolving inconsistencies in reasoning through discussion. The other presented the same correct physics material in an expository style without alternative conceptions. Second year physics students were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments and were tested before and after watching the video during a lecture. Results show a statistically significant (p < .01) advantage for the learners in the dialogue treatment (d = 0.71). Follow-up interviews of students yielded insight into the affective and cognitive benefits of the dialogue video.     

Theory Competition and the Process of Change

The reasons why many educational change initiatives have little impact are often framed in terms of either a poorly designed process on the part of the change initiator, or in terms of problems with the attitudes, skills and/or knowledge of those responsible for implementation. In this paper, we seek to integrate these two perspectives more closely by focusing on their interface and the competing theories frequently held by the change initiators and implementers. This concept of theory competition is illustrated with a case of a national literacy initiative in New Zealand in which the change initiators wished to raise the achievement of low performing students through the development of “learning-centred” leadership in schools and evidence-based practice. The desired outcomes were not achieved because theories about what it means to be a successful leader in such a situation, the data needed to undertake the type of evidence-based analysis envisioned and school personnel beliefs about the target students were understood differently by those responsible for initiating the change and those responsible for implementing it.     

基于组织变革的中小学校长培训及其关系处理研究

校长培训组织应该依据社会与教育发展所引起的培训环境的变化，及时调整和完善自身结构和功能，以满足校长培训发展的新需要，这是一种新的搞好“十一五”中小学校长培训工作的组织变革观。文章认为。在实现培训组织变革中，要慎重处理好正规与非正规、现代培训手段与传统培训方式等六大关系。     

晚清法治观念演变探源

在近代中国，法治作为一种观念、制度被比较普遍地理解和接受，是一个长期孕育的过程。这一过程可以分为三个时期：从鸦片战争至19世纪70年代、从19世纪80年代至清末新政时期、清末新政时期。清末建立法制社会的努力虽然没有成功，但其意义不能低估。     

浅析区域经济发展战略多变的原因及对策

区域经济发展战略多变往往给区域经济带来负面作用 ,影响区域经济的健康发展 ,甚至给一个区域带来严重的经济损失和信誉损失。究其原因主要有 :对区域经济发展规划不全面或不科学 ;大区域的规划及战略多变引起小区域的“连带”性变化 ;区域经济发展规划缺乏应有的法定效力。为避免或减小这种多变性 ,在制定和实施区域经济发展战略的过程中 ,应根据实事求是的原则 ,努力制定科学的经济发展战略 ,减小个人意志对经济发展战略的影响 ,尽可能使小区域的经济发展战略与大区域的统一和协调 ,增强区域经济发展规划的法定效力。     

关键在于观念的转变——谈高校后勤社会化的改革

推进后勤社会化改革，最关键的还是高校的领导和具体的后勤工作实现观念的转变。高校后勤社会化改革是我国整个改革开放事业深入发展的必然趋势。实行全面性的社会化改革，只不过是量变积累到一定程度必然要发生的质变。是时机一旦到来时要发生的顺理成章的事情，高校后勤社会化改革的实质就是经入市场竞争机制，来充分调动从业人员的积极性和主动性，充分激发他们自身固有的活力和潜力。     

我国旅行社组织变革分析的新范式——企业流程再造的应用

在经济日益全球化的今天 ,旅行社作为活动于供应商和消费者之间的中间人 ,其发展日益面临着严峻的挑战。首先是顾客要求日益挑剔 ;其次是市场竞争日益剧烈 ;第三是变化日益频繁与迅速。“在新天地中 ,顾客、竞争和变化这三者要求企业具备灵活应变的能力 ,能迅速作出反应。”然而 ,以传统分工理论作为理论基础的组织结构及其运行模式在上述背景下已显得不合时宜 ,甚至成为了旅行社发展的羁绊。根据哈默和钱皮的观点 ,应该用企业流程再造的思想来重新审视并变革旅行社的组织结构和运行模式。1　企业流程再造 :组织变革的新思想企业流程再造是 …