Childhood trauma and neighborhood-level crime interact in predicting adult posttraumatic stress and major depression symptoms

Previous research has identified several individual-level factors that modify the risk of childhood trauma on adult psychiatric symptoms, including symptoms of major depression (MD) and posttraumatic stress (PTS). Neighborhood-level factors also influence the impact of individual-level exposures on adult psychopathology. However, no prior studies to our knowledge have explored cross-level interactions between childhood trauma and neighborhood-level factors on MD and PTS symptoms. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore cross-level interactions between a neighborhood-level factor – neighborhood-level crime – and childhood trauma on MD and PTS symptoms. Participants in this study (N = 3192) were recruited from a large public hospital, and completed self-report inventories of childhood trauma and MD and PTS symptoms. Participant addresses were mapped onto 2010 census tracts, and data on crime within each tract were collected. Multilevel models found a significant cross-level interaction between childhood trauma and neighborhood crime on MD symptoms, such that the influence of high levels of childhood trauma on MD symptoms was enhanced for participants living in high-crime neighborhoods. Supplementary analyses found variation in the strength of cross-level interaction terms by types of childhood trauma and crime, with the strongest associations including emotional neglect paired with personal and property crime. The results provide preliminary support for interventions that help childhood trauma survivors find housing in less vulnerable neighborhoods and build skills to cope with neighborhood crime.     

大学生课外体育锻炼中自我医务监督之研究

针对现今大学生课外体育锻炼不甚科学、且时有伤病发生的现状进行了分析,提出了大学生课外体育锻炼应进行自我医务监督及科学地制定课外体育锻炼计划的原则。     

青少年三级跳远运动员运动损伤原因分析

笔者对青少年三级跳远运动员运动损伤情况进行了调查。结果显示,损伤多发部位依次为小腿胫骨、足跟部、膝关节、踝关节、腰部等,伤病种类以疲劳性骨膜炎、挫伤、软组织损伤、肌肉拉伤居多,与三级跳远的项目特点及青少年身体发育特点密切相关。笔者就此做了较为细致的分析,认为局部负荷过大、技术动作合理性差、专项化程度过高、过早等是伤病发生的主要原因,训练的科学化程度对青少年运动员显得更为重要。本文还就如何采取有效措施预防或减少伤病的发生提出了建议。     

Reflecting on Functioning in Trigger Happy America

Trigger warnings are posing serious threats to the ways that English educators can teach at the university level. If Aristotle – and Hillis-Miller years later – argue that literature must arouse and bring about catharsis, then proponents of trigger warnings are anaesthetising the power of words and watering down their ability to incite emotional responses and promote healing. By examining the relationship between proponents of the trigger warning and reflective functioning – a psychoanalytic concept that emerged out of the British psychoanalytic school – this article argues that English students and English educators who support the use of trigger warnings may suffer from poor reflective functioning. Individuals with poor reflective functioning have difficulty coping with their emotions as well as practising mentalisation during times of acute stress, which can be triggered in response to arousing interactions with texts. Finally, the article offers some suggestions for how English educators might use empathy, intentional self-disclosure and vulnerability as a means for enhancing reflective functioning in students and encouraging them to journey more freely and courageously into controversial, charged, and dramatic literary moments.     

Reclaiming nostalgia in educational politics and practice: counter-memory,aporetic mourning,and critical pedagogy

In this essay, the author attempts to complicate the reading of nostalgia in the cultural politics of education, arguing that the blind rhetoric of nostalgia for an idealized past can and should be critiqued in productive ways. Despite some literature addressing the consequences of nostalgia in the context of teaching, little has been done towards the direction of critically examining nostalgia in relation to the controversial issues of national memory and historical trauma and how those influence educational politics and practice. Central to the author's argument is that nostalgia has multiple meanings, some of which promote nationalist agendas while others offer opportunities for transformation. One way to begin the process of reclaiming nostalgia in education is to shift the discourse from restorative nostalgia to reflective nostalgia. The constructs of counter-memory and aporetic mourning provide useful theoretical lenses through which reflective nostalgia can promote productive ways of addressing national memory and historical trauma.     

论身体与创伤再现和治愈的关系

创伤记忆具有非文字、非线性、无法理解、无法叙述、无法掌控等特征,使普通语言叙述的创伤再现面临诸多困境和危机,身体的介入打破了这些危机。同时,身体因其与创伤之间在视觉、痛觉等方面特殊而紧密的关系在见证创伤故事真实性、再现创伤、治愈创伤方面表现出特殊功能。身体与创伤再现和治愈关系的理论研究具有很大的现实意义。     

不要让我们对这个世界无话可说——李翊云与她的《像他这样的男人》

"创伤小说"作为一个载体承担着叙述个人精神创伤与这种创伤所带来的集体文化创伤的重任。而个人所起的作用就在于他把个人的创伤经历与集体的创伤经历联系到一起。在造成创伤的因素中,人祸大于天灾。李翊云想要通过她的作品唤醒人们对于集体文化创伤的反思与再认识,希望人们不要遗忘,也不要轻易选择立场,承担起应有的社会担当,不要再轻易地再去制造一起起人祸。     

《息·望·忆》中马汀之创伤记忆

艾薇菊·丹提卡是当代加勒比海美籍黑人女作家,其处女作《息·望·忆》是一部展现了海地女性的血与泪的创伤小说．本文从马汀所遭受的个人创伤和集体创伤两个方面展开论述．一方面,幼年甘蔗林的噩梦在她脑海里挥之不去,女儿的背叛再次将她推进痛苦的深渊;另一方面,杜瓦利艾政府的专制统治和父权文化压制着海地女人,而流亡在外的海地女性遭受着种族歧视．     

过度运动与肾脏

在过度运动的状态下,肾脏自由基代谢增强,肾小球基底膜和足细胞足突间裂孔隔膜(slit diaphragm,SD)的结构发生改变,通透性增加。裂孔隔膜的完整性是决定肾小球滤过屏障通透性的关键,已发现有多个足细胞相关分子参与了运动性蛋白尿的生成。阐述过度运动对肾脏损伤的影响,并探讨可能的分子机制与足细胞相关分子(Podocyte associatedmolecules)的关系。