Evaluation of the use of Funori for consolidation of powdering paint layers in wall paintings

Funori is a polysaccharide-based adhesive extracted from seaweeds and is generally used in the conservation of easel paintings for the consolidation of matte paint. It is appreciated since it does not change the optical properties of the consolidated materials and its mechanical properties do not change with ageing. Because of these characteristics, this research focused on the evaluation of Funori as a suitable material for the consolidation of powdering paint layers in wall paintings. Tests were carried out where Funori was applied onto painted plaster replicas, which were then artificially aged and investigated in order to evaluate the material's behaviour according to the specific properties and conditions of wall paintings. The effectiveness of the consolidation was evaluated from the point of view of adhesive power, as well as the interactions of Funori with some physical properties of the consolidated painting, such as colour and water vapour permeability and, therefore, its resistance to accelerated ageing and biological colonization. In addition, the behaviour of Funori applied on plasters contaminated with soluble salts, a frequent condition in wall paintings, was also evaluated.     

Non-structural injection grouts with reduced water content: Changes induced by the partial substitution of water with alcohol

Conventional grouting – used to stabilise delaminated plaster – typically involves the use of water as suspension medium. Water can be dangerous when water-sensitive original materials are present and can cause the solubilisation of salts, leading to their re-crystallisation on drying. Ethyl alcohol is a less effective solvent for soluble salts and generally does not affect the original materials. This is the reason why it was used as a partial substitute for water in grout preparations in the present research. Three water–ethyl alcohol-based grouts were compared with the correspondent water-based grout. The working properties and performance characteristics of the injection grouts with reduced water content were measured to assess their suitability for use on historic plasters.     

Technical replicas of Portuguese ceramic tile bodies produced in the Oporto region in the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries

Portugal is well known for its facades decorated entirely with ornamented glazed ceramic wall tiles called azulejos. On ageing, the tiles may detach and fall off, or deteriorate to such an extent that it becomes necessary to replicate them. Hence tile replication is a common practice in Portugal for façade restoration, but very often these new tiles do not have the same physical and/or chemical properties as the original ones. Such differences might be a factor in differential deterioration of the façades after restoration. One step toward an improvement in compatibility is to make new ceramic bodies with the same characteristics as the original ones. This study focuses on two types of glazed ceramic wall tiles from the Oporto region in Portugal: ‘calcic faience’ and pó de pedra. A total of 25 samples from the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries were studied systematically as an attempt to improve knowledge of these materials and to create a basis for their replication. All samples were collected from facades that were under conservation/restoration at the time when sampling was performed. The original traditional ceramic bodies were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. Total open porosity, capillary absorption coefficient, and mercury intrusion porosimetry were also measured in order to gain knowledge on their physical characteristics in addition to their chemical and mineralogical compositions. High-temperature crystalline phases such as diopside, gehlenite, and mullite were found in the calcic faience, suggesting that the firing temperature of calcic faience bodies was within the range of 1100–1150?°C. Calcination trials were also performed in order to determine the most probable firing temperatures of the ceramic bodies. Collected data led to the assumption that the raw materials used for the ceramic bodies were kaolinitic clay, quartz sand, limestone, and talc. The raw materials for pó de pedra tiles were found to include kaolinite clay and quartz with firing temperatures estimated within the temperature range of 1150–1360?°C. Technical replicas made on the basis of these investigations were found to have the same mineralogical and capillary properties as the original tiles.     

《黄色墙纸》的女性主义解读

《黄色墙纸》是美国著名的女权运动先驱兼作家夏洛特·帕·吉尔曼的代表作。本文着眼于故事的内容、语言与写作手法两个方面，对其进行女性主义解读，以揭示在父权制社会中，吉尔曼试图唤醒女性争取自由和独立意识的强烈愿望，以及她如何成功的颠覆男性话语霸权，达到女性自我言说的目的。     

清代陕北长城外农村聚落地理初步研究

本文从陕北长城外地区农村聚落的形成历史、分布位置、聚落规模与形态、建筑结构及居住形式等方面,阐述了该地区农村聚落的时空分布特点,分析了聚落与当地自然环境、社会经济文化环境及历史发展的关系,指出陕北长城外伙盘地村落的形成与发展是在人为作用下、在无视生态环境的生产生活过程中逐渐与自然相结合而形成的特殊的聚落实体。     

浅谈网络安全中的入侵检测系统

介绍了入侵检测的发展历史和入侵检测的概念，分析了入侵检测系统的工作模式，浅谈了入侵蝗测系统的部署，讨论了入侵检测的评价标准。     

Sense through the wall system development and design considerations

This paper presents system design challenges and issues with sensing through walls at different standoff distances and wall types. Efforts for developing sense through the wall (STTW) systems, such as those undertaken by the US Army Technology Objective (ATO) program, aim at providing the soldier with situational awareness information before breaching a building in a military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) environment. STTW capabilities also support law enforcement and search and rescue applications. Since 2002, extensive evaluations of STTW technologies, most notably those performed by the Communications Electronics, Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC) Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate (I2WD), have been made to determine which technology could be the most viable solution. After conducting comprehensive studies, I2WD initiated several Phase I efforts and Phase II efforts. The purpose behind both efforts was to develop various STTW technology demonstrators under a 5 year ATO. Many lessons learned during the development of Phase I systems were incorporated into the considerations for Phase II developments. This paper discusses design challenges and issues with sensing through walls at different standoff distances and wall types through lessons learned and results from modeling and simulations performed by the Army Research Laboratory.     

西安城墙国际马拉松市场化运作现状与发展对策分析

对西安城墙国际马拉松市场化的运作现状与发展进行分析和研究,并提出发展对策:推进赛事管理体制和运行机制改革;探索市场化商业模式,推进西安城墙国际马拉松赛的市场化运作;加强品牌建设,提升赛事影响力.     

“占领华尔街”运动：原因、特征与启示

“占领华尔街”运动的发起有其深刻的思想渊源、制度因素和社会背景。这一运动呈现出纲领的不确定性、组织的松散性、活动的非暴力性和参与主体的弱势性等特征。对于当前的中国而言,“占领华尔街”运动具有重要的警示意义,它启迪我们着力解决群众就业问题、努力实现社会公平正义、加强对金融机构的监管、更加坚定走中国特色社会主义道路的信心。     

论王三毛《老城墙》中的关中民俗文化

《老城墙》是渭南籍作家王三毛的长篇代表作品之一。作者以敏锐的艺术洞察力,从关中丰厚的民俗文化土壤中吸取养分,撷取民间生动有趣、诙谐幽默的方言俗语,为我们讲述了浸染着浓郁西部风情的人生故事。作品蕴含了丰富的关中婚俗文化、家族文化、民间禁忌以及重男轻女的思想等等。