黑色的人物画廊--《第二十二条军规》人物评析

美国当代作家约瑟夫.海勒的《第二十二条军规》一书是一幅以黑色为基调的人物画廊,描绘了众多栩栩如生的人物,作者通过对这些人物的多维及单维角度刻画,运用“黑色幽默”(Black Humor)的技巧,反映了战后美国真实的官僚社会的方方面面。作为“黑色幽默”文学的代表作,书中众多的形形色色的人物的言行举止都围绕着“第二十二条军规”这个圆心,这群各种怪癖的人物不停地窜动,上演了一幕幕荒诞、疯狂、混乱、无序、狂想型的人间闹剧。本文试从海勒式的黑色幽默的视角,去探索众多人物的内心世界,去理解作品的主题。     

Sanitizing the Struggle: Barack Obama,Selma, and Civil Rights Memory

In this article, I examine Barack Obama’s use of collective memory during his 2007 campaign speech in Selma, Alabama. Specifically, I argue that Obama appeals to collective memory to challenge the Black community’s relationship to the past. He reframed the memory of the Civil Rights Movement in a manner favorable to his political aspirations. While this frame was politically expedient, it weakened Black political agency. It robbed the Black community of crucial rhetorical resources used to challenge structural inequalities in society. This article offers insight into the complex relationship between metaphor and collective memory. Specifically, I interrogate the role of metaphor as a crucial site where public memory is formed, disrupted, and rearticulated. Furthermore, I consider the implications of his use of memory for the future of the Black freedom struggle.     

从合作原则看《赛来恰坎笑话选》中的幽默

幽默语言作为幽默的主要表现形式在我们的生活中很常见。言语幽默是语言的精粹,在日常生活中言语幽默的应用使人们在笑声中启迪思想,交流感情,拉近彼此的距离。论文利用格莱斯的合作原则来探析《赛来恰坎笑话选》中的幽默效果。     

Aroma changes of black tea prepared from methyl jasmonate treated tea plants

研究目的：为茉莉酸甲酯诱导来提高茶叶香气品质提供理论依据,为新型花香红茶的研制提供技术支持。创新要点：首次将茉莉酸甲酯应用于诱导茶叶香气品质提高,初步验证了茶叶香气品质提高的本质原因：相关酶活性提高,基因表达上调。研究方法：采用顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）对红茶香气进行富集,气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）进行解吸附分析,实时定量多聚酶链式反应（qRT-PCR）分析茶鲜叶中香气相关酶基因表达。重要结论：茉莉酸甲酯诱导后的茶鲜叶中多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性上升,β-葡萄糖苷酶活性下降;PPO和β-樱草糖苷酶基因表达上调,β-葡萄糖苷酶基因表达下调。茉莉酸甲酯诱导后的茶鲜叶能明显提高由其制成的红茶香气品质,且萜烯醇类和萜烯类含量明显提高。     

“Things your history teacher won't teach you: Science edition”: Black women science teachers as anti-racist teachers

Marginalized communities cannot and do not have decontextualized experiences with how socioscientific issues, such as exposure to COVID-19 as frontline essential workers, high Black infant mortality rates, air pollution leading to respiratory problems, and other issues, affect their communities. As PreK-12 science teachers and teacher educators strive to dismantle oppressive practices in their classrooms and curriculum, it would be helpful to learn from Black women science teachers who have been engaging in anti-racist practices before the racial awakenings of Summer 2020. In this study, three different virtual focus groups, or Sista Circles, were conducted with 18 Black women secondary science teachers. Ranging from 1 to 22 years of experience, Black women teachers across the country and international participants in Canada and Qatar participated in the Sista Circles. From intersectional qualitative analysis and narrative inquiry, the findings of the study reveal that Black women science teachers enact anti-racist science teaching by bringing something new to the community; using NGSS standards within the context of the community; teaching at the intersection of history, culture, and science learning and teaching; and building critical consciousness in the science classroom. Furthermore, the findings of the study have implications for the use of anti-racist frameworks within the context of science education that were authentically the practices of the Black women in the study. This study offers insights into how the critical consciousness of Black women teachers can be represented in the science classroom even in times of nonsupport from peers and administration. The power and necessity of Black women teachers are paramount in science classrooms specifically because of the neutral, apolitical ways science teaching has been approached in the past. The narratives and stories shared here exemplify how Black women science teachers transform science teaching and learning by displaying various acts of Criticality.     

新时期官场小说创作展望

20世纪80年代以来,新时期官场小说创作以其强烈的现实主义批判精神产生了强烈的社会效应,但其创作方面存在诸多误区。通过消除文学期待与社会期待的严重悖论,提升其审美价值,超越情节模式的单一化、人物的简单化和概念化,重振官场小说,从而真正产生能够震撼整个民族心灵的大作。     

黑白对立的文化修辞价值

受民族心理、风俗习惯、地域特色、宗教信仰等多方面因素的影响,黑色和白色在表达客观世界中的色彩外,还承载着丰富的文化修辞意义。在认知语言学框架内,采用类型学理论,比较分析跨语言中黑白两色认知语义结构的共性和个性,并简要总结其原因。     

永远的布鲁斯——评兰斯顿·休斯的《萎靡的布鲁斯》

兰斯顿·休斯是20世纪最优秀的黑人诗人之一。国内外大多数学者对他诗作的研究侧重于其代表作,即他中后期的作品,而对他的早期作品,即他的成名作《萎靡的布鲁斯》涉及不多。然而无论从诗歌的形式和内容上来说,《萎靡的布鲁斯》对休斯后来的创作无疑起到了路标般的作用。而这种路标式的作用也正是任何一个休斯的喜爱者和研究者不可以忽视的。     

“I May Be Crackin’, But Um Fackin’”: Racial Humor in The Watsons Go To Birmingham—1963

This article examines the utilization of racial humor in Christopher Paul Curtis’ novel, The Watsons Go To Birmingham—1963. The theoretical perspectives that inform the analysis include critical race theory and humor theory. The results of the analysis reveal that the use of humor in this book is influenced to a significant degree by race and racism.