中国茶叶国际竞争力分析与政策建议

本文运用FAO的统计资料，利用国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势、生产者价格指数3个显性评价指标和单产这个隐性评价指标，测算了20世纪80年代以来中国与印度、斯里兰卡、肯尼亚和印尼茶叶的国际竞争力变化。分析表明，中国茶叶在4个评价指标上基本处于劣势地位,尤其表现在显示性比较优势、生产者价格指数和单产3个指标上。本文基于波特教授的“国家钻石”模型中国际竞争力的5个决定因素，提出提升中国茶叶国际竞争力的相应对策与建议:①在要素禀赋层面，重点解决低下的要素的生产率问题，要创造新的生产要素并将之导入茶叶产业;②在公司层面，要顺应国际茶叶竞争潮流，推行联合规模经营，走名茶名牌之路;③在关联产业层面，要积极发展专业化生产，为茶叶生产提供专业性的生产资料;④在需求层面，要在稳固传统市场的基础上，大力开拓新兴市场，降低出口市场的集中度;⑤在政府层面，要明确在WTO框架下的职能边界，重点解决好茶叶的标准化问题，从源头和末端对混乱的茶叶出口秩序进行有效的治理。与其它4个层面相比，对茶叶产业而言，政府的行为可能更为关键，因为中国的实际情况决定了这一点。     

环太湖地区六大名泉的水质分析

历史名泉是我国茶文化旅游资源中的重要元素。为了客观评价环太湖地区现存历史名泉水质,进而进行资源保护并为科学开发提供依据,本文从环太湖地区旅游景点的著名茶事井泉中选择6个井泉分别采集水样,对泉水的感观性状、一般理化性状、毒理指标和微生物数量等24项指标进行了检测分析。结果显示,现存参检名泉水中铅、硝酸盐超标,部分水样的可溶性固体和微生物含量超标,这些泉水不能直接饮用;按照地下水环境质量标准(GB/T14848-1993)进行综合评价,卓锡泉、虎丘泉、惠山泉都达到Ⅱ类地下水,金沙泉、无碍泉、憨憨泉仅达到Ⅳ类地下水。水质分析的结果表明对环太湖地区现存历史名泉的保护刻不容缓。     

茶小绿叶蝉优势种的归属的分子依据

从中国农业科学院茶叶研究所的国家茶树资源圃随机采集茶小绿叶蝉个体,用RAPD标记技术,拟从DNA水平上探索茶小绿叶蝉个体间的遗传距离和亲缘关系,为茶小绿叶蝉优势种的归属提供分子水平上的依据。所选的14个随机引物共扩增出81条谱带,59条多态性条带,多态性为72．84％,表明叶蝉个体间有较丰富的遗传多样性,但未发现可以区别不同种的特异性条带和引物。UPGMA法聚类分析也表明,叶蝉个体间遗传距离在0．17～0．46之间,说明茶小绿叶蝉的遗传基础较一致,存在异种的可能性几乎没有。本文为茶小绿叶蝉的优势种的归属提供了一定的分子基础,结合前人对茶小绿叶蝉的形态学研究,认为茶小绿叶蝉的优势种为假眼小绿叶蝉,小绿叶蝉未在茶园中未形成种群。     

云南普洱茶渥堆过程中的主要微生物初探

通过对云南普洱茶渥堆过程中微生物的种类、数量变化和形态特征的研究表明：主要微生物有黑曲霉属(Aspergillius niger)、青霉属(Penicllium)、根霉属(Rhizopus)、灰绿曲霉属(Aspergillius gloucus)、酵母属(Saccharomyces)、细菌类(Bacterium)、黑曲霉数量始终处于优势地位。酵母菌的总数居次，细菌数目极少。     

茶多酚延缓皮肤光老化的药效学实验研究

目的:观察茶多酚对D-半乳糖所致亚急性衰老小鼠皮肤光老化程度的影响,探讨茶多酚延缓皮肤光老化作用。方法:用紫外线模拟日光照射建立小鼠皮肤光老化模型,给以茶多酚灌胃及外涂治疗,结束后测定皮肤中丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),以及皮肤中成纤维细胞数目和羟脯氨酸含量。结果:模型小鼠与正常小鼠比较,MDA含量升高而SOD活性下降,成纤维细胞数目和羟脯氨酸含量明显下降;茶多酚可明显提高光老化小鼠皮肤中SOD活性以及成纤维细胞数目和羟脯氨酸含量,并使皮肤MDA含量降低。结论:茶多酚具有延缓皮肤光老化作用。     

Ali–Frazier 1: Black Gladiators,White Promoters,and the Economics of Big-Time Boxing

Abstract

The March 1971 heavyweight championship bout between undefeated black boxers Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier elicited numerous responses. Ali, because of his brash persona, refusal to be drafted into the Vietnam War, and outspoken criticisms of white racism, had become a potent symbol of 1960s rebellion and Black Power. Frazier, by claiming the heavyweight championship while Ali was banished, cozying up to white politicians, and refusing to criticize the US government, made himself a worthy foil for Ali’s politics. But as the rhetoric surrounding the fight intensified, regarding black masculinity, patriotism, and community pride, one key aspect of the fight opened up debates in a surprising realm: the economics of black athletes and the possibilities and limitations of black capitalism. In an era when black capitalist programmes emerged nationwide, and when African-American athletes took on more vocal roles as community activists, the battles over the bout’s financial promotion became intense. While the boxers took home an unprecedented $2.5 million each for their participation, total revenues reached nearly $30 million. Discussions of the fight’s payout shed light on a wide range of economic issues facing the black community, and some of the unresolved issues in the quest for civil rights.     

‘A Dangerous Revolutionary Force Amongst Us’

ABSTRACT

Historians of nineteenth-century British tea consumption have highlighted the function of the substance as an index of middle-class civility and marker of national identity. In this article, I maintain that concerns about tea drinking were equally prominent throughout the late Victorian period. As medical practitioners increasingly intervened in food matters, apprehension about the physiological and psychological consequences of increasing access to tea in working-class communities proliferated. This pessimistic discourse can be firmly situated in the context of broader debates about national decline, physical and mental deterioration, the subversion of gender roles in the domestic sphere and Imperial expansion.     

茶多酚补充对游泳大鼠脂肪代谢的影响及机理研究

目的:以游泳大鼠为研究对象,通过检测其补充茶多酚过程中身体成分和脂肪代谢的变化,探讨茶多酚补充对游泳大鼠脂肪代谢的影响及机理.方法:将雄性Wistar大鼠40只随机分为4组(安慰剂对照组、运动对照组、补充茶多酚对照组和补充茶多酚运动组).采用沉淀法测定大鼠血清LDL-C和HDL-C水平;酶法测定血清TC和TG;比色法测定血清LPS、LPL和HL.结果:4周茶多酚补充可明显减缓游泳大鼠体重和体脂增长速度,明显降低大鼠血清TC水平及游泳大鼠血清LDL-C水平.同时,茶多酚补充可明显提高游泳大鼠血清LPL含量,并一定程度地降低其血清HL水平.结论:茶多酚补充可在一定程度上减慢游泳大鼠体重和体脂的增长速度,加快其能量代谢速度;可能会通过影响游泳大鼠脂肪代谢相关调控酶水平,使其血脂水平下降,进而影响其脂肪代谢过程.     

苏轼美茶思想的理解与阐发

茶,尤其是名茶,从外形到内涵都具有很强的审美意义。苏轼通过大量的诗词文赋,深刻阐述了自己的美茶思想。这些美茶思想,不仅进一步丰富了苏轼的美学思想宝库,而且对于人们研究茶叶审美也发挥着引领的作用。     

Playing the ‘Race’ card? Black and minority ethnic students' experiences of physical education teacher education

This paper reports on a study that explored black and minority ethnic (BME) students' experiences of physical education teacher education (PETE) in England. Widening the ethnic diversity of those choosing to enter the teaching profession has been a key policy objective of the Training and Development Agency—the government agency responsible for teacher education—for some years. However PETE programmes, designed to produce specialist physical education (PE) teachers to work with secondary age (11–18 years) pupils, reveal significant and enduring levels of under-representation of BME candidates, compared to other subject specialisms. The study reported here used semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with 25 BME participants from five universities involved in PETE in England. The findings show that BME PETE students share many of the characteristics with their White counterparts, being young, sporty and with a desire to improve PE experiences for future generations. However, in other ways, their experiences reveal the significance of ‘race’ ethnicity, and religion and how these are interwoven with gender to position them as ‘other’ in PETE spaces and within schools. Skin colour and religious dress were significant to stereotyping and everyday interactions that served to position them as ‘out of place’, particularly evident in practical activity sessions and on teaching placements. ‘Race’ and ethnicity as part of their professional education was at best a marginalised discourse, at worse, reproduced a deficit perspective of BME pupils’ and their schooling. The paper concludes by arguing for a critical analysis of the construction of Whiteness through PETE.