Effects of insulin, glimepiride and combination therapy of insulin and metformin on blood sugar and lipid profile of NIDDM patients

In the present study the efficacies of therapy with insulin, sulphonylurea or insulin + metformin on NIDDM patients are compared. One group which was on a definite dose of insulin therapy, but with uncontrolled diabetes was treated by doubling the insulin dose, a second group whose diabetes was not controlled by glibenclamide was switched over to another sulphonylurea viz; glimepiride and a third group whose diabetes was not controlled by insulin therapy was switched over to a combination therapy with insulin +metformin. After recording their initial blood parameters all the groups were treated as above for 3 months, and the parameters were again determined. The fasting blood sugar and serum lipids of the first group were controlled significantly, but the values were far above normal range. However HDL Cholesterol and atherogenic index were near normal range. In glimepiride treated group, none of the parameters showed any amelioration. In the combined therapy group, control of blood sugar and atherogenic index was more or less the same as for group 1, but hyperlipidemia remained slightly above that of the same. From the findings we can infer that in long term diabetes treatment higher doses of insulin and combined therapy with insulin and metformin may be more beneficial than with low doses of insulin or sulfonyl urea alone     

对我国优秀400m运动员专项耐力训练手段的分析

400m跑是一个既要求速度,又要求耐力的竞赛项目,因此,提到专项耐力,通常指的是400m跑所要求的速度耐力。速度和耐力是一对矛盾。对现代流行的400m专项耐力训练手段进行分析,用心率和血乳酸值作为监测指标,对能够有效锻炼运动员的专项耐力的训练手段进行筛选。结果表明,400m跑合100m走跑×10是有效锻炼运动员专项耐力的训练手段。同时,300m后的跑段对锻炼运动员乳酸耐受能力非常重要。     

北京市中长跑队运动员冬训阶段某些生理生化指标的监测分析

本文研究了9名备战十运会的中长跑运动员冬训期间生理生化指标的变化规律,以监控训练。结果显示,冬训大运动量训练期,男、女运动员的血红蛋白、血尿素、血清肌酸激酶、睾酮等指标均出现了不同程度的变化,经过适度调整以后逐渐恢复。从而表明,选择适宜指标对运动员进行机能监控,对于保持其最佳运动状态,提高运动成绩,有着重要的意义。     

糖尿病与运动研究进展——II型糖尿病与运动疗法

对于II型糖尿病,运动长期以来被看作一种最主要的非药物防治方式,运动在提高II型糖尿病患者机体胰岛素的敏感性和减少体脂,提高葡萄糖吸收等方面已经有诸多研究证实。不管是否合并药物或营养治疗,单独采用合理的运动疗法往往是有效的,可明显改善II型糖尿病患者的全身性代谢紊乱程度。II型糖尿病患者从事运动治疗时,还需要相应的最新认识。为此对相关的研究进展进行了系统综述。     

肌酸补充对葡萄糖剥夺引起的BKca电流变化和胞内游离钙离子浓度的影响

摘要：目的：大电导钙激活钾通道（BKCa）对神经元兴奋性以及动作电位发放频率具有重要调控作用。本实验拟观察肌酸补充对皮层神经元葡萄糖剥夺时BKCa电流密度及胞内钙离子浓度的影响。方法：全细胞膜片钳技术记录肌酸干预对不同时长葡萄糖剥夺原代培养大鼠皮层神经元BKCa电流的变化;应用激光共聚焦检测神经元胞内游离钙离子浓度。结果：1）葡萄糖剥夺1～2 h BKCa电流密度显著增加（P < 0.01）,4～5 h显著减小（P < 0.01）。胞内游离Ca2+荧光强度随葡萄糖剥夺1～5 h逐渐增强（P < 0.01）;2）肌酸孵育显著减小原代培养神经元BKCa电流密度以及胞内游离Ca2+荧光强度（P < 0.01）。结论：葡萄糖剥夺1～2 h使胞内游离Ca2+浓度显著升高,激活BKCa大量开放,使神经元超极化,降低神经元兴奋性：Cr可有效抑制葡萄糖剥夺引起BKCa电流增加以及胞内钙离子浓度升高,维持锥体神经元的兴奋性。     

中等强度有氧和抗阻运动对老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血液生化指标和心肺功能的影响

目的:通过检测Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血液生化指标和心肺功能的变化,探讨中等强度有氧运动和抗阻运动混合运动处方对Ⅱ型糖尿病疗效的影响。方法:将己确诊的100例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者随机分成实脸组和对照组,在同等条件下,对实脸组的患者辅以为期1年的内养功、木兰拳、太极拳等以中等强度有氧运动和以45%~60%的抗阻运动为主的运动处方治疗。结果:实验组患者的体脂百分比下降、腰臀比减小、脂肪肝改善、血压下降;血红蛋白、血脂以及心肺功能等指标在实脸前后有明显的改变,组间和组内都有显著性变化。表明系统、长期参加运动锻炼,可增强机体的代谢水平,起到减肥、降脂、降压的作用,并能有效防治糖尿病的并发症。     

运动与骨骼肌葡萄糖载体

葡萄糖载体（GLUT）是细胞膜上介导葡萄糖跨膜转运的蛋白质，有6种不同的亚型。骨骼肌中存在3种，即GLUT1、GLUT4和GLUT5.它们对骨骼肌的葡萄糖利用有重要意义。运动能促进GLUT的表达及合成，从而增强肌肉利用葡萄糖的能力。     

Leptotrichia hongkongensis sp. nov., a novel Leptotrichia species with the oral cavity as its natural reservoir

A straight, non-sporulating, Gram-variable bacillus (HKU24T) was recovered from the blood culture of a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma. After repeated subculturing in BACTEC Plus Anaerobic/F blood culture broth, HKU24T grew on brucella agar as non-hemolytic, pinpoint colonies after 96 h of incubation at 37 °C in an anaerobic environment and aerobic environment with 5% CO2. Growth was enhanced with a streak of Staphylococcus aureus. HKU24T was non-motile and catalase-negative, but positive for alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and α-glucosidase. It hydrolyzed phenylphosphonate and reduced resazurin. 16S rRNA, groEL, gyrB, recA, and rpoB sequencing showed that HKU24T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position among the Leptotrichia species, being most closely related to Leptotrichia trevisanii. Using HKU24T groEL, gyrB, recA, and rpoB gene-specific primers, fragments of these genes were amplified from one of 20 oral specimens. Based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we propose a new species, Leptotrichia hongkongensis sp. nov., to describe this bacterium.     

Impact of Chronic Lead Exposure on Selected Biological Markers

Lead poisoning remains a major problem in India due to the lack of awareness of its ill effects among the clinical community. Blood lead, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations are widely used as biomarkers for lead toxicity The present study was designed to determine the impact of chronic lead exposure on selected biological markers. A total of 250 subjects, of both sexes, ranging in age from 20 to 70 years, were recruited. On the basis of BLLs, the subjects were categorized into four groups: Group A (BLL: 0–10 μg/dl), Group B (BLL: 10–20 μg/dl). Group C (BLL: 20–30 μg/dl) and Group D (BLL: 30–40 μg/dl) having BLLs of 3.60 ± 2.71 μg/dl, 15.21 ± 2.65 μg/dl, 26.82 ± 2.53 μg/dl and 36.38 ± 2.83 μg/dl, respectively. Significant changes in biological markers due to elevated BLLs were noted. The relation of BLL and biological markers to demographic characteristics such as sex, habits, diet and substances abuse (smoking effect) were also studied in the present investigation. Males, urban population, non-vegetarians, and smokers had higher blood lead levels. δ-ALAD activity was found to be significantly lower with increased BLL (P < 0.001), while the ZPP level was significantly higher with increased BLL (P < 0.001). Further, BLL showed a negative correlation with δ-ALAD (r = −0.425, P < 0.001, N = 250) and a positive correlations with ZPP (r = 0.669, P < 0.001, N = 250). Chronic lead exposure affects the prooxidant-antioxidant equilibrium leading to cellular oxidative stress.     

150例高血压病患者并发症临床观察

目的:探讨单纯收缩期高血压、收缩压与舒张压高血压并发心脑血管病的机率。方法:将150例高血压患者分成3组:52例舒张压升高患者;15例单纯收缩期高血压;54例收缩期、舒张期均高的高血压并发心脑血管病发症的患者进行临床分析。结果:单纯舒张期高血压预后良好,而单纯收缩期高血压及收缩压合并舒张压升高者有较大的发生心脑血管病的危险性。结论:对单纯收缩期高血压、及收缩压合并舒张压升高的患者应给予足够重视,并积极治疗。