传统医学理论对太极拳的指导性研究

传统医学理论与太极拳有着千丝万缕的联系,传统医学和太极拳两者不是相互独立的,而是互相联系相辅相成。太极拳与传统医学的发展是一脉相承的,数千年来,两者在发展的过程中,相互借鉴、相互渗透,不仅使太极拳运动不断普及,也使传统医学理论内容不断丰富,丰富了我国的传统民族文化宝库。在发展的过程中逐渐形成了我们中华民族一笔宝贵的财富。文章采用文献资料法、演绎法等研究方法对太极拳中所蕴含的传统医学理论进行研究,从传统医学理论的整体观、阴阳学说、五行学说、经络学说四个方面论述了太极拳与传统医学理论的内在联系。对弘扬中国传统文化、提高太极拳的价值、丰富太极拳的理论等均有着极其重大的理论意义和实践意义。     

对武术组成元素的分析——对武术概念的梳理有感

万事万物都是在发展变化的,作为中国国粹的武术也不例外。文章通过对"武术"的概念梳理,对组成武术的各个元素进行分析论证,从各组成元素上剖析武术,正确看待武术的形成过程及发展方向,使得武术顺应社会的发展需求,只有这样武术才能长盛不衰。     

Anthropometric fractionation of body mass: Matiegka revisited

In a group of 699 Belgian nursing professionals, we estimated body composition using the four-component anthropometric model, relying on the equations originally formulated by Matiegka in 1921 and later revised by Drinkwater and colleagues. We estimated muscle mass using the more recent formula proposed by Martin and co-workers. A discrepancy was noted between estimated total body mass and 'assessed' mass, suggesting erroneous estimations of the components.     

ACTN3 R577X and other polymorphisms are not associated with elite endurance athlete status in the Genathlete study

Abstract

We tested the hypothesis that the performance of rapid movements represents body size-independent indices of muscle power. Physical education students (n = 159) were tested on various vertical jump (jump height and average power calculated from the ground reaction force) and muscle strength tests. When non-normalized data were used, a principal components analysis revealed a complex and inconsistent structure where jump height and muscle power loaded different components, while muscle strength and power partially overlapped. When the indices of muscle strength and power were properly normalized for body size, a simple and consistent structure of principal components supported the hypothesis. Specifically, the recorded height and muscle power calculated from the same jumps loaded the same components, separately for the jumps predominantly based on concentric actions and jumps based on a rapid stretch – shortening cycle of the leg extensors. The finding that the performance of rapid movements assesses the same physical ability as properly normalized tests of muscle power could be important for designing and interpreting the results of batteries of physical performance tests, as well as for understanding some basic principles of human movement performance.     

Editorial

The aims of this study were to assess the validity and reliability of body volume and percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution, using underwater weighing as the criterion method, and to determine the influence of the magnitude of body volume. Thirty-one healthy Japanese individuals aged 18-27 years (16 males: height 1.70 - 0.06 m, mass 64.8 - 7.7 kg; 15 females: height 1.60 - 0.05 m, mass 55.2 - 6.2 kg; mean - s) participated in the study. Sulphur hexafluoride dilution measures the concentration of sulphur hexafluoride gas in the chamber (BSF-200, Shimazu Corp.). Underwater weighing was performed five times using a weight scale (AD-6204, A&;D) after residual volume had been determined (System9, Minato Medical Corp.). There were no significant differences in the mean between two trials for body volume, body density or percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution. The intra-class correlation coefficient of these variables ranged from 0.985 to 0.999. The results suggest that sulphur hexafluoride dilution is a reliable method for assessing body composition. There was no significant difference in body volume or percent body fat between sulphur hexafluoride dilution (males: 61.3 - 7.6 litres, 18.4 - 6.7%; females: 52.8 - 6.9 litres, 21.0 - 8.9%) and underwater weighing (males: 60.6 - 7.0 litres, 15.6 - 3.5%; females: 53.0 - 6.5 litres, 23.7 - 6.1%) and there was a high correlation between the two ( r = 0.997, P ? 0.05). A Bland-Altman plot of the difference between percent body fat estimated by underwater weighing and sulphur hexafluoride dilution versus average percent body fat by the two methods showed no systematic difference (mean difference =- 0.12 - 6.6 kg). The upper and lower limits of agreement were 13.2% and-13.4%, respectively. Determination by sulphur hexafluoride dilution resulted in both over- and underestimations in body volume and the difference between the two body volumes (determined by underwater weighing and by sulphur hexafluoride dilution) was inversely proportional to the mean body volume by the two methods. This suggests that improvements need to be made to the device or to the technique to maintain a constant volume of sulphur hexafluoride in the chamber.     

我国教师领导力现状及其影响因素的调查研究——以广东省为例

利用自编的专家效度问卷,就教师领导力的现状及其影响因素对广东省内756名中小学骨干教师进行了问卷调查。结果显示:教师在参与学校事务决策过程中不具有相应影响力,学校的垂直管理体制和教师参与学校事务的渠道单一,导致教师较少有参与学校事务决策的机会;优秀教师在同事中具有较高的威信和明显的影响力,良好的人际关系、教学能力、品德与人格魅力是教师在同事中建立个人威信的重要条件;教师普遍对自己的教育教学工作驾驭力感到自信,"学校欠缺激励性的制度文化"和"教学的反思与研究能力不足"是制约教师教育教学能力发挥的重要因素;环境因素是影响教师领导力的主因,样本教师将教师领导力的现状首先归因于外部的和环境的因素,其次才归因于内部的和自身的因素。     

浅析中国民族歌剧的构成特点

本文通过分析中国民族歌剧的发展历程和不同时期的剧目,通过不同民族歌剧曲目的题材特点、创作元素选取、民族歌剧音乐表现形式等几个方面,阐述了中国民族歌剧的构成特点。     

试论“气韵生动”

"六法"的提出,为我国造型艺术领域的创作和评论开创了一个精密而具有普遍艺术规律的理论体系。而"气韵生动"是"六法"中的第一法,它比较抽象又放在第一位,既是绘画创作的首要目的又是对作品评价的标准。但对"气韵生动"含义的具体解释以及产生气韵的根源,则一向是众说纷纭。我认为对这一重要理论进行探讨,对于阐明中国古代画论的真实含义,继承中国文艺理论的优秀传统,以及对当前的绘画创作,都将有积极的意义。     

Homelessness as the Unforgiving Minute of the Present: The Rhetorical Tenses of Democratic Citizenship

Popular discourse and advocacy efforts characterize homelessness as a social problem bound by the present-centered concerns of physical affliction and material deprivation. Wayne Powers's documentary film Reversal of Fortune exemplifies this tendency by performing a “social experiment” to investigate how giving a homeless man $100,000 would change his life: the film chronicles the intervention in terms of an ever-fleeting opportunity that the man ultimately fails to utilize. Such discourses deny the future-oriented grounds for identification between homeless and housed as citizens sharing a common political destiny. Discourses of homelessness thus provide an important opportunity for questioning how the rhetorical tenses of democratic citizenship can be cultivated or suppressed, and how such rhetorical work can contribute to a more dynamic democratic culture.     

Unruly Bodies: The Rhetorical Domestication of Twenty-First-Century Veterans of War

Veterans of wars in Afghanistan and Iraq with visually identifiable injuries possess “unruly” bodies that render the story of war in efficient, emotional terms. The injured veteran's explicit connection of war with injury motivates state and mainstream news discourse that domesticates veterans’ bodies, managing representations of injured veterans through three dominant strategies. First, dominant discourses invoke veterans’ bodies as metonymy of the nation-state at war—bodily well-being operates as a metonym for both the nation's health and for the condition of the war. Second, veterans are domesticated by strategic placement in contexts that regulate their range of movement, especially amputees, who are often framed as having already overcome any limitations imposed by their war injuries. Third, dominant visual discourse domesticates veterans’ bodies by ascribing a strategic telos to them, shifting the meaning of the injuries away from their origins in state policy and toward wholeness and “normalcy.” Representations of whole-bodied and injured veterans tame the harshness of war and erode the argumentative grounds for questioning it.