人工饲料蛋白质含量与桑蚕（Bombyx mori）对氨基酸的吸收

本试验用５种脱脂大豆粉和纤维素粉含量不同的人工饲料饲养５龄雌蚕。结果表明随着饲料蛋白质含量从９．１２％增至３７．１８％，每头蚕的氨基酸排出量从５４．９２增至２５９．８２ｍｇ。但蚕体对Ｌｅｕ、Ｐｈｅ、Ｖａｌ、Ｔｈｒ、Ｈｉｓ、Ｇｌｕ等氨基酸的吸收率则随饲料中蛋白质含量的增加而降低。而蚕体对Ａｒｇ、Ｌｙｓ、Ａｌａ、Ｉｌｅ、Ｇｌｙ、Ｐｒｏ、Ａｓｐ的吸收率及对所测１６种氨基酸的平均吸收率，则均以饲料蛋白质含量为１６．１４％时为最高。蚕体对氨基酸的吸收与氨基酸性质有关，吸收率依次为：碱性＞中性＞杂环＞酸性。     

关于桑蚕(Bombyx mori L.)对人工饲料摄食性的研究Ⅱ.饲料的简易化制作和同一蚕品种对人工饲料摄食性的个体差异

为解决人工饲料育蚕发育不齐问题 ,就饲料的不同调制方法对桑蚕幼虫发育的影响以及同一蚕品种个体间的差异进行了研究 .结果发现 :1)在饲料制作上必须进行蒸煮灭菌 ,微波炉加热灭菌与蒸煮的效果相近 ,不经加热杀菌简易化制作的效果都不理想 ;2 )同一蚕品种个体间对人工饲料的摄食性存在差异 .对桑叶粉及蔗糖等摄食促进物质的感受性 ,高食性蚕比低食性蚕敏感 ;而对豆粕粉中摄食阻碍物质的感受性 ,低食性蚕比高食性蚕敏感 .研究认为 ,要提高人工饲料育蚕的群体摄食性和发育整齐度 ,应尽量消除饲料中的摄食阻碍物质或选育出对摄食阻碍物质具适应性的蚕品种     

Using chimeric piggyBac transposase to achieve directed interplasmid transposition in silkworm Bombyx mori and fruit fly Drosophila cells

The piggyBac transposon has been long used to integrate foreign DNA into insect genomes. However, undesirable transgene expression can result from random insertions into the genome. In this study, the efficiency of chimeric Gal4-piggyBac transposase in directing integration onto a DNA target plasmid was evaluated in cultured silkworm Bombyx mori Bm-12 and fruit fly Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells. The Gal4-piggyBac transposase has a Gal4 DNA-binding domain (DBD), and the target plasmid has upstream activating sequences (UAS) to which the Gal4 DBD can bind with high affinity. The results indicate that, in the Bm-12 and S2 cells, transpositional activity of Gal4-piggyBac transposase was increased by 4.0 and 7.5 times, respectively, compared to controls, where Gal4-UAS interaction was absent. Moreover, the Gal4-piggyBac transposase had the ability of directing piggyBac element integration to certain sites of the target plasmid, although the target-directing specificity was not as high as expected. The chimeric piggyBac transposase has the potential for use in site-directed transgenesis and gene function research in B. mori.     

5个中系家蚕品种的Cyt b片段序列分析及分子进化研究

选取野桑蚕和5个中系家蚕地理品种为实验材料,采用PCR(polymerase chain reaction)产物直接测序法,获得细胞色素b(cytochrome b,Cyt b)基因5′端591bp的核苷酸序列。对6个核苷酸序列进行变异性分析,并分别利用DNASTAR和PHYLIP软件构建分子进化树。结果表明:所选中系家蚕品种间的序列变异性很低;家蚕品种沿河-1和楚雄是独立起源的;家蚕品种德清-1和延吉的亲缘关系较近。     

家蚕作为生物反应器新用途的开发研究

针对当今人类神经的需求,蚕业的可持续发展,高新技术的突飞猛进,蚕业的教学与科研以家蚕的性状等情况,在分析了家蚕作为生物反应器新用途开发研究的必要性和可行性的基础上,全面论述了家蚕作为生物反应器在生产白僵蚕（蛹）、高价格物质、抗菌蛋白及珍贵药材等方面的开发研究概况,并对其发展前景作了展望,这对推动该领域的研究进程具有积极意义。     

家蚕微粒子病显微镜判别时期的探讨

研究了显微镜检出蚕微粒子病的时期与微孢子虫感染剂量、感染蚕龄和所取样本的关系⒚结果表明,蚁蚕和２ 龄起蚕感染高剂量微孢子虫时,能在当龄镜检出孢子,感染低剂量微孢子虫时,可在次龄或以后镜检出孢子⒚从感染蚕中肠、粪便和蚕整体中镜检出孢子的时期,随微孢子虫感染剂量增大和感染蚕龄降低而提早,并且镜检出的时期从先到后分别为病蚕中肠、病蚕整体与病蚕粪便⒚本试验结果对于当前蚕微粒子病防治工作有积极的指导意义⒚     

Study on Bombyx mori silk treated by oxygen plasma

Study of the morphology, aggregation structure and properties ofBombyx mori silk treated by low temperatureoxygen plasma showed that slight flutes appeared on the surface of Bombyx mori silk fiber and that its surface structurechanged after plasma treatment. The conformation also changed and crystalline degree decreased. The stannic filling rate oftreated fiber was improved. Because of etching, the weight of the fiber decreased but the breaking strength changed littleafter short-time treatment.     

环境激素壬基酚对家蚕生殖发育的影响

壬基酚(NP)是一种新确认的环境激素(EH)。为探讨EH对鳞翅目昆虫的性激素作用,用添加NP的人工饲料饲养家蚕,调查NP对生殖发育的影响。结果显示,刚孵化家蚕幼虫添毒72 h和120 h的LC50分别为1.1392、1.0695 mmol/kg。添毒NP1.000 mmol/kg以上浓度,家蚕在幼虫期死亡而不能完成世代。从生殖腺系数看,0.500 mmol/kg以下浓度的NP,对家蚕幼虫和蛹的睾丸生长无不良影响(P>0.05);大于0.250 mmol/kg的NP,能显著抑制雄蛾的睾丸生长(P<0.05);小于0.500 mmol/kg的NP,5龄幼虫和24 h龄蛹精细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05);高于0.125 mmol/kg的NP,168h龄蛹和24h龄蛾的精子数量显著少于对照(P<0.01)。高于0.125 mmol/kg的NP,5龄幼虫和蛹的卵细胞生长和发育被抑制(P<0.05),雌蛾造卵数和产出卵数减少(P<0.05),受精率降低(P<0.05)。NP通过抑制家蚕生殖腺的生长和生殖细胞的发育表现雌激素效应。