Immigration and student achievement: Evidence from Switzerland

This paper investigates empirically whether immigrant students in Switzerland perform poorly compared to their native counterparts and provides some explanations. Using a national sample of the 2000 PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) database, we first analyze the impact of immigrant status on pupils’ achievement. We find a negative and significant impact of immigrant status on test scores in reading, mathematics and science literacy, even after controlling for a set of characteristics. We then decompose the observed reading score gap between Swiss and immigrant students to identify whether gaps in endowments explain test score differences along the distribution. Lower endowments explain most of the achievement gap in reading between Swiss and second-generation immigrants. However, lower returns explain around one quarter of the achievement gap between Swiss and first-generation immigrants for the weakest pupils.     

“C9联盟”高校学科实力研究——基于2012年学科评估结果的分析

"C9联盟"高校有12个学科门类的77个学科参加了2012年的学科评估。除体育学外的76个学科均有高校进入前10名,其中12个学科门类的66个学科进入了前3名,9个学科门类的37个学科获得第1名。整体上,联盟高校具有明显的学科优势,其中哲学、文学、历史学、理学、管理学的优势尤为突出,而教育学、农学、艺术学则没有整体优势。依据学科实力,9所联盟高校可划分为三个层次,但各高校均有优势学科乃至学科群,其优势学科与历史积淀紧密相关。     

基于C8051 F330 D的三相供电系统智能保护设计

通过电压和电流互感器,获取供电系统的各相电压值和电流值,在精密整流的基础上,运用C8051F330D单片机对信号进行采样及外部通信,实现过电压、过电流、三相不平衡检测,从而实现对供电系统的保护。实验结果表明本设计灵敏度高,反应速度快,可靠性高。     

项目教学在C语言教学中的应用

本文论述了在C语言教学实践中,针对C语言教与学现状,改革传统教学模式和教学内容,采用"案例式"课堂教学方法,以"项目驱动式"实践教学为核心,激发了学生的学习积极性。     

无显示屏多功能计算器设计研究

系统采用盛群公司的HT46F49E单片机为主控单元,使用矩阵式键盘和LED阵列作为输入输出设备,应用单片机将输入值或内部值进行运算后把结果输出到对应键盘上的LED灯显示,并以语音的形式读出相应的数字．系统可进行常用的四则运算和查看并以语音读出日历、时间、星期．具有结构新颖、电路简单等优点,避免了传统的显示屏显示参数的弊端,特别适合盲人、老人使用．     

国内外高校联盟发展的比较研究

本文详细介绍了国内外高等院校联盟的发展历程,建模完成了高等院校联盟的优劣势分 析,对澳大利亚八校联盟和中国C9 高校联盟的发展情况进行了比较研究。最终提出高等院校联盟 的发展模式是未来高等教育发展的一个重要方向,我国应在完成高等教育联盟体系的优势布局后, 建设国际层面的联盟合作体系,实现高等教育事业的高位均衡发展。     

R&D co-operation and innovation a microeconometric study on French firms

The scope of this paper is to report new empirical evidence on the determinants of R&D co-operation. Indeed, the literature on the capabilities of firms emphasises the role of knowledge in the performance and evolution of firms who use knowledge developed in others to build their own knowledge capital. R&D co-operation between firms is one of the many strategies by which this knowledge may be transmitted. Several theoretical models have stressed that R&D co-operation is more likely when the level of spillovers is high. While this supposition is used in many theoretical models, it has rarely been tested before. Our results do not lend strong support to this intuition. Indeed, our spillover variables (national pure spillovers, national rent spillovers and imports of machine tools), which were supposed to match the theoretical notion of spillovers used in these theoretical models have a positive but not a significant role when explaining R&D co-operation. The R&D co-operation increases with size and with R&D intensity, but not with market share. It also increases with the budget spent on paying license fees and on acquiring patents and labour from foreign firms. In this study, we also analyse the determinants of innovation. In more precise terms, we compare the effects of R&D co-operation to those played by traditional internal factors and those exerted by external, pure and rent spillovers on the innovation capacity of the firms. Our results show that the commercial success of innovations of French firms depends mainly on size, market share, R&D intensity and human capital. Inward FDI from industrialised countries exerts a positive and significant effect. The finding highlights the important role of the absorptive capacity of firms. Spillover measurements, such as the acquisition of machine tools, foreign patents, licenses, and technological opportunities have a positive impact on innovation.     

Intellectual property infringements due to R&D abroad? A comparative analysis between firms with international and domestic innovation activities

This paper aims to analyse the risk of intellectual property (IP) infringements by competitors from abroad and in particular to consider whether this risk is higher for international innovating firms. We distinguish three different types of IP infringements from abroad: the usage of firms’ technical inventions, product piracy, and copying of corporate names and designs. Our analysis rests on the German data from the Europe-wide Community Innovation Survey (CIS). We use a unique data set of about 900 observations, which are retrieved from two survey waves. While the earlier wave contains information about international and domestic innovation activities, the later wave reports IP infringements. In a second analysis, the likelihood of infringements from innovation host countries and no-innovation host countries abroad is examined. Before the empirical analysis, an exploratory study was carried out in China with interviews of German firms with innovation activities in China and with a legal advisor for small and medium-sized German enterprises. The results show that firms with international R&D activities are increasing their chances of losing technological knowledge to their local competitors abroad. R&D activities in countries with weak intellectual property rights increase the risk for all types of IP infringements compared to domestic R&D activities. Infringements by competitors from the host country are driven by the production of new produces in this country. Export intensity is the major driver of infringements from no-innovation host countries. R&D activities in China and North America also increase the risk of an infringement. However, firms that innovate only in their home country experience significantly more product piracy cases than international innovating firms.     

TMS320VC5416在多路数据监测系统中的应用

本文系统地介绍了一种基于TMS320VC5416DSP的多路数据监测系统设计方案,从系统的硬件和软件设计两个方面详细阐述了总体方案及其原理。系统实现了对50路模拟电压信号的实时监测,将DSP的HPI口设置为GPIO口,用于提供多路模拟开关的控制信号,USB控制芯片CY7C68001与DSP的无缝连接实现了DSP与PC机间的串行通信。该系统设计方案具有很高的工程应用价值。     

(International) R&D collaboration and SMEs: The effectiveness of targeted public R&D support schemes

This study analyses the impact and effectiveness of targeted public support for R&D investment at the firm level. We test whether the policy design aiming at incentivizing (international) collaboration and R&D in SMEs achieves input as well as output additionality. Our results show that the targeted public subsidies trigger R&D spending, especially so in internationally collaborating SMEs. We further evaluate the different impact of privately financed and publicly induced R&D investment on innovation performance. The results confirm that the publicly induced R&D is productive as it translates into marketable product innovations. While both types of R&D investments trigger significant output effects, the effect of policy-induced R&D investment on sales from market novelties is highest for international collaborators as well as for SMEs.