基于语料库的动名搭配中消极逐字翻译现象研究

对语料库CLEC三个子库中动名搭配错误研究发现,其相当大比例是由消极逐字翻译造成的,不同英语水平的学生所犯错误从数量上看和英语水平成非线性关系。这种消极逐字翻译现象产生原因较为复杂,但可从中英文对应词和认知角度来解释。其对于英语教学颇有启示。     

新环境新挑战--"十一五"电大教育发展的战略思考(下)

“十五”期间电大教育在自身发展中,优势日益明显,特色充分展示,发展能力显著增强,但同时电大教育的发展还面临一系列的制约因素,从外部来讲是环境制约,集中表现为战略的虚化、体制的缺陷、评价的失范。电大教育要在“十一五”期间实现新一轮的快速发展,为经济社会发展做出新的贡献,必须着力于解决这些制约因素,建立友好型的发展环境。     

The keyword method compared to alternative vocabulary-learning strategies

Imagery and sentence versions of the keyword method of vocabulary learning were contrasted with three nonkeyword verbal-contextual alternatives. Subjects' definition learning in the imagery keyword condition was substantially higher than when subjects were presented the vocabulary in sentence contexts, when they generated sentence contexts for the words, when they made decisions about whether the words were used correctly in sentences, or when they were left to their own devices to learn the words. The learning benefits associated with the sentence keyword version were not as dramatic as in the imagery keyword condition. They were more evident when recall of any part of the definition was considered correct than when recall of the entire definition was necessary. These results indicate that the keyword method is a potent alternative to vocabulary-learning techniques that are regarded as effective by curriculum experts in reading.     

The stage-learning hypothesis: Strategies for instructional design

According to the stage-learning hypothesis, children's ability to learn various concepts is constrained by their pretraining stages of cognitive development. Although this hypothesis has important instructional and theoretical implications, little progress has been made on obtaining unconfounded tests of the hypothesis. Some procedures for obtaining such tests are developed in this paper, and some applications to factorial experiments are considered.     

补充肌酸和抗阻训练促进人体股外侧肌废用性肌肉萎缩恢复的组织化学和生物化学机制研究

研究了健康大学生外固定腿 2周使肌肉愈接近废用性萎缩 ,并在固定期和恢复期 10周过程中连续补充肌酸和抗阻训练 ,测定股外侧肌组织化学和生物化学的变化 ,同时测定了骨骼肌表达的生肌调节因子 (MRFs) MyoD ,Myo genin和Myf 5的变化 ,探讨肌酸加速骨骼肌废用性萎缩后恢复的分子机制。研究结果显示 :补充肌酸使股外侧肌废用性肌肉萎缩后恢复期各亚型肌纤维增粗 ,Ⅱ型肌纤维较Ⅰ型肌纤维增粗显著。在恢复期第 3周肌肉磷酸肌酸 (CP)和肌酸 (C )及总肌酸均达到高水平。骨骼肌表达的生肌调节因子 (MRFs) MyoD ,Myf 5的变化与股外侧肌各亚型的的增粗具有一致的结果 ,Myogenin变化不显著。提示 :补充肌酸可以促进股外侧肌各亚型肌纤维增粗可能由促进肌肉收缩蛋白和结构蛋白合成所致。     

Child abuse: The role of a consultant psychiatrist in a specialist institution

This paper is based on the experience of a consultant psychiatrist in a child abuse agency. Working with abusing families produces high levels of anxiety in the staff and conflicts over role are particularly strongly felt. These processes, as they affected the consultant psychiatrist and a staff group, were used to try to understand the anxiety and conflicts of the client families. The split between consultant and psychiatrist, between caregiver and authority figure, between parent and child, had to be acknowledged and accepted before the staff could work more effectively. Abusing families benefit from the range of skills offered by a multidisciplinary team. But the stresses for individual staff members working with these emotional, damaged, demanding, difficult families, can at times appear to be increased by the multidisciplinary team with its diversity of views. In the light of experience so far, it seems that work on the conflicts and anxiety needs to be part of a continuing process of staff development. Some of the difficulties for the consultant psychiatrist in such an institution are also discussed.     

柴尔德"两次革命论"的哲学基础与理论得失

20世纪50年代,英国著名考古学家柴尔德提出了“新石器时代革命论”和“城市革命论”,他认为前者是文明起源的开始,后者是文明形成的标志。“两次革命论”构成了柴尔德文明起源理论的完整框架。柴尔德作为一个马克思主义者,对马克思恩格斯文明起源论有继承和发展,表现在唯物史观、社会分工理论以及对阶级的认识上。但由于历史局限和他自身的理论局限,柴尔德的理论也存在以下不足:时代的局限性、研究区域的有限性、研究不够系统以及将“城市”作为文明起源的标志不确切等。柴尔德的哲学基础具有两面性,他在辩证法方面做得很好,但对唯物史观坚持不够。     

Design of Allele Specific PCR for Rapid Detection of CYP3A5 (A6986G) and Mdr-1 (C3435T) Polymorphisms

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP3A5 (A6986G) and MDR-1 (C3435T) genes have been shown to be associated with the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in case of renal transplant recipients. Knowing these genotypes of the recipients before undergoing transplantation, is therefore essential for physicians to adjust the starting dose of tacrolimus in order to avoid drug induced nephrotoxicity. We have designed an allele specific PCR method for easier and rapid detection of these polymorphisms. 20 Indian renal transplant recipients on tacrolimus who developed nephrotoxicity within 1 month of transplantation and 58 Indian non-transplant subjects having the risk factors for kidney disease i.e. hypertension or diabetes or the family history of these, have been studied for these SNPs by allele specific PCR method. The data suggest that the heterozygosity of CYP3A5 and mutant allele frequency of MDR-1 SNP is higher in transplant patients as well as in general population.     

分子筛AlPO-53,SAPO-34和AlPO-5的甲烷储存研究

磷酸铝分子筛拥有规则的多孔结构,具有吸附、储存甲烷的能力,以前的研究报道多侧重于它们储存量的研究而对它们结构与吸附量关系的研究报道很少。实验研究了磷酸铝分子筛AlPO-53,SAPO-34和AlPO-5在温度273 K和303 K、压力100-2000kPa条件下的甲烷储存性质并讨论它们的储甲烷量与其结构之间的关系。在实验条件下,具有笼形结构的SAPO-34（0.38×0.38 nm）具有最大的甲烷储存量（2.35mmol/g,273 K,2000 kPa）,而具有笼形结构的AlPO-53（0.31×0.43 nm）和具有直孔型孔道的AlPO-5（0.73×0.73 nm）的甲烷储存量相当（1.54 mmol/g,273 K,2000 kPa）,均低于SAPO-34分子筛。结果表明,分子筛的笼型结构对其甲烷的储存量至关重要,具有最佳吸附孔径的微孔吸附剂,只有具有了笼型结构才可能具有好的甲烷储存能力;孔口小于甲烷动力学直径的有笼型结构的微孔吸附剂也能具有较大的甲烷储存能力。     

有限元分析在助力缸支架设计优化中的运用

运用软件CATIAV5R16中的PartDesign模块完成助力缸支架零件模型的建立;并利用Static Analyses模块,对助力缸支架进行受力分析,得出零件的应力分析云图。在应力云图的基础上,进一步进做疲劳断裂分析,为零件的合理设计提供了有价值的参考数据。