Disentangling Shape from Level Effects in Person-Centered Analyses: An Illustration Based on University Teachers’ Multidimensional Profiles of Effectiveness

This study compares alternative ways of disentangling the effects of level (the tendency for a person to be high, medium, or low across all factors) and shape (the tendency for a person to have a distinct pattern of factors on which they are high, medium, or low) in profile analyses. This issue is particularly relevant to performance appraisals where it is often useful to identify specific strengths and weaknesses over and above a person global performance, but also to person-centered analyses more generally where the observation of qualitative (shape) differences between profiles is often used as justification for the added value of profiles. Substantively, this study illustrates these issues in the identification of profiles of teachers based on multidimensional students’ ratings of their effectiveness, using an archival data set of 31,951 class-average ratings based on the Students’ Evaluations of Educational Quality (SEEQ) instrument collected over a 13-year period. The results show the superiority of a factor mixture operationalization of teaching effectiveness in which a global effectiveness factor was used to control for unnecessary level effects in the profiles.     

Modeling Nonlinear Structural Equation Models: A Comparison of the Two-Stage Generalized Additive Models and the Finite Mixture Structural Equation Model

Researchers have devoted some time and effort to developing methods for fitting nonlinear relationships among latent variables. In particular, most of these have focused on correctly modeling interactions between 2 exogenous latent variables, and quadratic relationships between exogenous and endogenous variables. All of these approaches require prespecification of the nonlinearity by the researcher, and are limited to fairly simple nonlinear relationships. Other work has been done using mixture structural equation models (SEMM) in an attempt to fit more complex nonlinear relationships. This study expands on this earlier work by introducing the 2-stage generalized additive model (2SGAM) approach for fitting regression splines in the context of structural equation models. The model is first described and then investigated through the use of simulated data, in which it was compared with the SEMM approach. Results demonstrate that the 2SGAM is an effective tool for fitting a variety of nonlinear relationships between latent variables, and can be easily and accurately extended to models including multiple latent variables. Implications of these results are discussed.     

论儒家伦理与现代奥林匹克运动

儒家伦理与现代奥林匹克运动之间，因异质因素而相互冲突，因同构因素而相互融合。在一定条件下，异质因素整合到奥林匹克运行的机制中去，遏制了奥林匹克运动发展中的消极影响，促进奥林匹克运动乃至整个社会生活的健康发展。     

词法简化概说

纵观英语的历史，词法简化的趋势是显而易见的。从宏观上看，语音的演变和民族的融合对词法的简化所起的作用是巨大的。但可以预测，现存的屈折形式在将来简化的可能性是微乎其微的。     

丹巴的墨尔多文化

墨尔多是嘉绒地区的一位名山神,墨尔多神山是嘉绒地区的第一大神山。坐落在丹巴墨尔多神山下的墨尔多庙是一个供奉神祗十分复杂的寺庙,所供神祗有佛教,有苯教,也有道教,呈三教合流状态。墨尔多庙供奉神祗的多样性,是丹巴地区文化多元性的反映。     

悲喜交集的生命之歌——评迟子建的《逝川》

在短篇小说《逝川》中,迟子建写了一条河,一个人,一种鱼。这条河,无疑是一条生命之河,一条时间之河,在这条河边,主人公吉喜经历了充满生机却又不乏辛酸的人生。吉喜与泪鱼的对照,显示出吉喜强韧的生命力。这条河流淌着的,是一曲悲喜交集的生命之歌。     

Testing Measurement Invariance Across Unobserved Groups: The Role of Covariates in Factor Mixture Modeling

Factor mixture modeling (FMM) has been increasingly used to investigate unobserved population heterogeneity. This study examined the issue of covariate effects with FMM in the context of measurement invariance testing. Specifically, the impact of excluding and misspecifying covariate effects on measurement invariance testing and class enumeration was investigated via Monte Carlo simulations. Data were generated based on FMM models with (1) a zero covariate effect, (2) a covariate effect on the latent class variable, and (3) covariate effects on both the latent class variable and the factor. For each population model, different analysis models that excluded or misspecified covariate effects were fitted. Results highlighted the importance of including proper covariates in measurement invariance testing and evidenced the utility of a model comparison approach in searching for the correct specification of covariate effects and the level of measurement invariance. This approach was demonstrated using an empirical data set. Implications for methodological and applied research are discussed.     

油品顺序输送混油量控制方法初探

本文根据巴陵石化油品顺序输送管道的实际运行情况,从隔断介质、首尾站工艺条件以及环境温度等方面分析了影响混油量的因素,提出了减少混油量的控制方法。     

开罗夜未眠

During the last few years, my neighborhood in Cairo has experienced such an influxof refugees from the Iraq war that longtime residents have begun, with a mixture of     

天台宗伦理思想的现代阐释--从动物权利论伦理到生态伦理

佛教天台宗含有丰富的伦理思想，智顗的“十界互具”本质上是动物权利论伦理观；湛然的“无情有性”说本质上是生态伦理观。当我们把以辛格、雷根为代表的动物权利论伦理和以罗尔斯顿为代表的生态伦理与智顗和湛然的伦理观同放在人类思想发展史的纵轴线上加以比较考察时，不难发现，它们都属于非人类中心论(或泛主体论)伦理观。并且后者方佛是前者的回复，是高级的回复，正好体现了否定之否定规律。