三种饰钴方式对镍电极性能的影响

研究了用物理掺杂、化学镀、包覆等三种方式饰钴后的镍电极的性能.通过比较充放电曲线、循环伏安以及扫描电镜测试结果发现:以包覆钴形式对镍电极进行修饰的效果较好.     

词法简化概说

纵观英语的历史，词法简化的趋势是显而易见的。从宏观上看，语音的演变和民族的融合对词法的简化所起的作用是巨大的。但可以预测，现存的屈折形式在将来简化的可能性是微乎其微的。     

丹巴的墨尔多文化

墨尔多是嘉绒地区的一位名山神,墨尔多神山是嘉绒地区的第一大神山。坐落在丹巴墨尔多神山下的墨尔多庙是一个供奉神祗十分复杂的寺庙,所供神祗有佛教,有苯教,也有道教,呈三教合流状态。墨尔多庙供奉神祗的多样性,是丹巴地区文化多元性的反映。     

悲喜交集的生命之歌——评迟子建的《逝川》

在短篇小说《逝川》中,迟子建写了一条河,一个人,一种鱼。这条河,无疑是一条生命之河,一条时间之河,在这条河边,主人公吉喜经历了充满生机却又不乏辛酸的人生。吉喜与泪鱼的对照,显示出吉喜强韧的生命力。这条河流淌着的,是一曲悲喜交集的生命之歌。     

A Mixture IRTree Model for Extreme Response Style: Accounting for Response Process Uncertainty

This paper presents a mixture item response tree (IRTree) model for extreme response style. Unlike traditional applications of single IRTree models, a mixture approach provides a way of representing the mixture of respondents following different underlying response processes (between individuals), as well as the uncertainty present at the individual level (within an individual). Simulation analyses reveal the potential of the mixture approach in identifying subgroups of respondents exhibiting response behavior reflective of different underlying response processes. Application to real data from the Students Like Learning Mathematics (SLM) scale of Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015 demonstrates the superior comparative fit of the mixture representation, as well as the consequences of applying the mixture on the estimation of content and response style traits. We argue that methodology applied to investigate response styles should attend to the inherent uncertainty of response style influence due to the likely influence of both response styles and the content trait on the selection of extreme response categories.     

Testing Measurement Invariance Across Unobserved Groups: The Role of Covariates in Factor Mixture Modeling

Factor mixture modeling (FMM) has been increasingly used to investigate unobserved population heterogeneity. This study examined the issue of covariate effects with FMM in the context of measurement invariance testing. Specifically, the impact of excluding and misspecifying covariate effects on measurement invariance testing and class enumeration was investigated via Monte Carlo simulations. Data were generated based on FMM models with (1) a zero covariate effect, (2) a covariate effect on the latent class variable, and (3) covariate effects on both the latent class variable and the factor. For each population model, different analysis models that excluded or misspecified covariate effects were fitted. Results highlighted the importance of including proper covariates in measurement invariance testing and evidenced the utility of a model comparison approach in searching for the correct specification of covariate effects and the level of measurement invariance. This approach was demonstrated using an empirical data set. Implications for methodological and applied research are discussed.     

基于清洁发展机制的中国碳市场潜力分析

全球气候变化是当今世界关注的环境问题。与全球气候变暖紧密相连的国际条约《京都议定书》一直以来被世人所关注。而清洁发展机制（简称CDM）是《京都议定书》所建立的以成本有效的方式在全球范围内实施温室气体减排的3种灵活机制之一。它是发达国家与发展中国家基于项目的合作形式。推行该机制不仅可减少发达国家在国内实施碳减排的高额成本，又可促进发展中国家获得有益于可持续发展的先进技术和急需资金。被认为是一种“双赢”政策。该文从中国CDM项目市场占全球份额的角度，在假设2010年所有非附件Ⅰ国家CDM项目实施率为70％的情景下，分析得出2010年中国基于清洁发展机制开发碳市场的规模是0.525×10⁸tC，相应的碳市场潜力为8.306×10⁸美元（美元以2000年价计）。同时认为：可再生能源发电、城市生活垃圾处理处置、造林与再造林领域是中国基于清洁发展机制开发碳市场的主要领域。     

A New Perspective on the Effects of Covariates in Mixture Models

In this simulation study, we explored the effect of introducing covariates to a growth mixture model when covariates were also generated by a mixture model. We varied the association between the latent classes underlying the growth trajectories and the covariates, the degree of separation between the latent classes underlying the covariates, the number of covariates included, and amount of missing data in the growth data. We found that adding covariates to the growth mixture model generally hurt class recovery except where the latent classes underlying the growth trajectories and the covariates were the same or very strongly associated, and there was a large degree of separation between the classes underlying the covariates. We found that when covariates were introduced, entropy might no longer be an accurate indicator of the distinctiveness of the growth trajectory classes.     

A Note on the Use of Mixture Models for Individual Prediction

Mixture models capture heterogeneity in data by decomposing the population into latent subgroups, each of which is governed by its own subgroup-specific set of parameters. Despite the flexibility and widespread use of these models, most applications have focused solely on making inferences for whole or subpopulations, rather than individual cases. This article presents a general framework for computing marginal and conditional predicted values for individuals using mixture model results. These predicted values can be used to characterize covariate effects, examine the fit of the model for specific individuals, or forecast future observations from previous ones. Two empirical examples are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of individual predicted values in applications of mixture models. The first example examines the relative timing of initiation of substance use using a multiple event process survival mixture model, whereas the second example evaluates changes in depressive symptoms over adolescence using a growth mixture model.     

早期毛泽东的“湖南共和国”思想探微

早年毛泽东在湖南自治运动中提出的共和国思想,具体体现为其建立"湖南共和国"的政治主张。它是毛泽东对旧思想还没有彻底扬弃、对新思想也只是简单地吸收及对美好理想向往的产物。它在政治、经济、文化等方面都提出了理论构想,但只是一个庞杂的矛盾混合体,在实践中只能是一种空想。研究它对于研究毛泽东后来的"工农武装割据"思想具有重要意义。