百年变迁的忠实记录-读《20世纪以来中国的图书馆事业》

《20世纪以来中国的图书馆事业》系统地反映了20世纪中国图书馆的发展面貌,重点叙述了改革开放30年来图书馆的变化,用发展的眼光评论了图书馆工作与技术的进步。全书史料丰富、脉络清楚,具有较高的参考价值。     

现代出版与20世纪二三十年代学人地位的形成

20世纪二三十年代的出版从某种程度上说已经具备了"现代"的品格,其中最为凸显于学术界的,是出版界开始把商业化运作与强调读者意识有机地结合起来,在这一过程中也更加重信守诺和注重责任意识。饶有趣味的是,不论是整个知识界,还是波及整个社会,对出版的这一特性都开始有所认知,这种出版与学人之间的相互"体认",不仅更加完备了出版本身的现代素养,而且更重要的是,现代出版在学人学术道路以及成长过程中起到了举足轻重的作用,而出版业也借此进一步拓宽了自己的"用武之地"。     

Is there “white flight” into private schools? New evidence from High School and Beyond

In the U.S., white parents may choose to send their children to private schools in response to the local concentration of minority schoolchildren, commonly referred to as “white flight”. This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing new evidence on white flight from the data set High School and Beyond (HSB). I find that a one-percentage-point increase in the county (metropolitan area, or MA) level minority share of school-age population increases the private schooling probability of white students by 0.2 (0.27) percentage points. White flight appears to be more sensitive to the concentration of black schoolchildren than to any other minority concentration. White families also appear to respond more strongly to the concentration of poor minorities than to non-poor minorities. Results also suggest substantial variation in the rate of white flight across different areas of the country. Finally, when minority shares are measured at the county level, there is some evidence of increasing rate of white flight from the local concentration of black schoolchildren as the black share increases.     

Higher education institutions’ costs and efficiency: Taking the decomposition a further step

A multiproduct cost function is estimated for English higher education institutions using a panel of data from recent years. The panel approach allows estimation by means of a random parameter stochastic frontier model which provides considerable new insights in that it allows the impact on costs of inter-institutional differences in the cost function itself to be distinguished from inter-institutional differences in efficiency. The approach used here therefore resembles in some respects the non-parametric methods of efficiency evaluation. We report also on measures of average incremental cost of provision and on returns to scale and scope.     

Analyzing the factors that influence persistence rates in STEM field,majors: Introduction to the symposium

To improve our understanding of the factors that influence persistence rates in STEM field majors, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation provided a grant to the Cornell Higher Education Research Institute in 2007 to study the question. The five papers in the symposium represent the output of the project. This introduction explains the motivation for undertaking the study, describes the questions the researchers asked and the data bases they used in their studies, summarizes their findings, and suggests directions for future research.     

Referral,enrollment, and completion in developmental education sequences in community colleges

After being assessed, many students entering community colleges are referred to one or more levels of developmental education. While the need to assist students with weak academic skills is well known, little research has examined student progression through multiple levels of developmental education and into entry-level college courses. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the patterns and determinants of student progression through sequences of developmental education starting from initial referral. Our results indicate that fewer than one half of the students who are referred to remediation actually complete the entire sequence to which they are referred. About 30 percent of students referred to developmental education do not enroll in any remedial course, and only about 60 percent of referred students actually enroll in the remedial course to which they were referred. The results also show that more students exit their developmental sequences because they did not enroll in the first or a subsequent course than because they failed or withdrew from a course in which they were enrolled. We also show that men, older students, African American students, part-time students, and students in vocational programs are less likely to progress through their full remedial sequences.     

The effects of accountability on higher education

This paper analyzes the effects of a higher education accountability system in Brazil. For each discipline, colleges were assigned a grade that depended on the scores of their students on the ENC, an annual mandatory exam. These grades were then disclosed to the public and colleges were rewarded or penalized based on them. I find that the ENC had a positive effect on the education and the proportion of full-time faculty and that it increased the number of vacancies offered, applicants and enrollments. Colleges were affected differently depending on grades, ownership and academic organization, changing the distribution of students among them.     

20世纪发现戏曲文献的意义指归

在中国戏曲学史上,20世纪发现戏曲文献犹如一座庋藏金玉、胪列珠玑的煌煌宝库,令人叹为观止,欣喜不已.作为中国古代戏曲文献不可分割的有机组成部分,它们蕴涵着极为丰富的戏曲学意义,其大致可概括为恢复戏曲历史风貌、揭示戏曲文献特征、提供戏曲交流资讯、审视戏曲生存环境、拓展戏曲研究视野等五个方面.深入分析、细致解读它们的意义指归,对全面观照和系统把握中国戏曲文化的魅力、地位、影响具有转换观念的推动作用与提升认识的促进功能.     

论二十世纪初期中国赴国外学习的三大热潮及其对中国社会的影响

二十世纪初期,中国出现了赴国外学习的三大热潮:一是与"庚子赔款"相联系的留美运动热潮;二是留法勤工俭学运动热潮;三是早期留苏热潮.这三大热潮使中国在自然科学领域、社会科学领域、革命干部领域产生了一大批的精英人才,从而推动了社会的发展.从思想文化史的角度来看,中华民族一改明代中叶以来被动吸取国外文化的姿态,积极派遣自己的莘莘学子赴国外学习,主动吸取国外文化的精华,为尽快摆脱经济文化的落后状态,缩小与西方国家的差距做出了积极的贡献,对中国社会产生了重大影响.     

限制饮食对大鼠血清瘦素和可溶性瘦素受体影响

目的:探讨20%能量限制的饮食对大鼠血清瘦素及可溶性瘦素受体的影响,通过相关指标的变化主要分析20%能量限制的饮食对于肥胖的影响和作用机制。方法:21只4周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(C组)、限食组(R组)和高脂组(H组)。C组喂养普通饲料,H组大鼠给予高脂饲料喂养,R组给予20%能量限制的饲料喂养。喂养第16周末,测定大鼠体重、身长、肥胖评定指数(Lee’s指数)、肾周脂肪、附睾脂肪,腹主动脉取血分离血清,测试血清瘦素(Leptin)和可溶性瘦素受体(sLR)。结果:H组大鼠体重、肾脏周围脂肪和附睾周围脂肪重量非常显著性高于C组,而R组的大鼠体重、肾脏周围脂肪和附睾周围脂肪重量显著性低于C组;R组和H组大鼠的Lee’s指数与C组比较均有非常显著性差异。与C组相比,R组Leptin显著降低,H组显著升高;同时R组sLR非常显著升高,H组sLR显著降低。结论:16周的高脂饮食能显著增加大鼠的体重,提高大鼠血清Lp浓度,降低血清sLR浓度,形成肥胖。16周限制20%能量摄入的饮食,能有效地降低大鼠的体重,显著降低大鼠血清Lp浓度,提高血清sLR浓度,限制了肥胖的发生。