Improved estimator of the continuous-time kernel estimator

There have been many papers presenting kernel density estimators for a strictly stationary continuous time process observed over the time interval [0, T ]. However the estimators do not satisfy the property of mean-square continuity if the process is mean-square continuous. In this paper we present a modified kernel estimator and substantiate that the modified estimator satisfies the property of mean-square continuity. In a simulation study the results show the modified estimator is better than the original estimator in some cases.     

基于核方法和高斯混合模型的手机上网时长统计分析及应用

从不同手机型号角度,分析上网时长的分布,并用核方法和高斯混合模型对手机上网时长数据进行建模和分析。实际数据分析表明,手机上网时长分布具有双峰现象,本文对此现象给出了合理解释。     

The effects of resistance training volume on osteosarcopenic obesity in older women

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with 1 or 3 sets per exercise on osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome parameters in older women. Sixty-two older women (68.0 ± 4.3 years, 26.8 ± 4.4 kg/m²) participated in a 12-week RT program. Participants were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: two training groups that performed either 1 set (G1S, n = 21) or 3 sets (G3S, n = 20) 3 times weekly, or a control group (CG, n = 21). Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry, strength was evaluated by 1 repetition maximum testing. The G3S presented significantly higher strength changes than G1S. The changes for percentage of body fat were higher for G3S compared to G1S. There was no difference in skeletal muscle mass between G3S and G1S, however both training groups displayed greater increases in this outcome compared to CG. There was no effect for bone mineral density. The overall analysis indicated higher (P < 0.05) positive changes for G3S than G1S (composed Z-score: G3S = 0.62 ± 0.40; G1S = 0.11 ± 0.48). The results suggest that a 12-week RT period is effective to improve the risk factors of OSO, and that 3 sets induce higher improvements than a single set.     

广州市春季大气颗粒物的粒径分布及能见度研究

于2008年春季采用粒径谱仪和自动气象站等高分辨率仪器对广州城区大气颗粒物的粒径分布特征及其与大气能见度的相互关系进行研究.结果发现,0.5~20μm粒径范围的颗粒物数浓度随粒径增大而逐渐减小;质量浓度谱分布呈双峰型,分别在0.7μm和2.5μm出现峰值;而降雨对粗颗粒物的去除作用显著.0.5~2.5μm粒子浓度增加是大气能见度降低的重要原因.     

长春市大学女生体成分与骨密度的调查研究

研究长春市大学女生的身体成分和骨量水平,探讨骨密度的影响因素。方法：应用双能X线骨密度测定仪和体成分分析仪对长春市251名大学女生的体成分、腰椎、股骨颈和Ward’S区的骨密度进行测定。结果：相关分析显示总体重、BMI、瘦体重及体脂百分比均与骨密度呈显著正相关,相关性大小排序为：总体重〉BMI〉体脂百分比〉瘦体重;经常运动女生的腰椎、股骨颈及Ward’S区骨密度与较少运动者有显著性差异。结论：总体重可能影响女性骨骼健康;体育运动可促进形成较高的峰值骨密度,预防骨质疏松。     

相对论效应对含碘复合物非键作用的影响研究

本文通过几个简单含碘复合物的相对论密度泛函计算,考察了相对论效应对碘键作用的影响。最后结果表明相对论效应对碘键作用影响较小,一般计算时可以忽略,采用pbeO／6—311G^＊或pvDZ、pvTZ基组可以很好地描述含碘复合物,而选择好的相关能方法则是成功计算相对论效应的关键。     

Use of probabilistic and deterministic measures to identify unfavorable earthquake records

This study introduces measures to identify resonant （concentration of energy in a single or a few frequencies） or unfavorable earthquake ground motions. Probabilistic measures based on the entropy rate and the geometric properties of the power spectral density function （PSDF） of the ground acceleration are developed first. Subsequently, deterministic measures for the frequency content of the ground acceleration are also developed. These measures are then used for identifying resonance and criticality in stochastic earthquake models and 110 acceleration records measured at rock, stiff, medium and soft soil sites. The unfavorable earthquake record for a given structure is defined as the record having a narrow frequency content and dominant frequency close to the structure fundamental natural frequency. Accordingly, the measures developed in this study may provide a basis for selecting records that are capable of producing the highest structural response. Numerical verifications are provided on damage caused to structures by identified resonant records.     

Hyperinsulinemia and overweight in obese Zucker rats effectively suppressed by exercise training with hypoxia recovery

Abstract

It is currently unknown whether hypoxia training can effectively suppress overweight and hyperinsulinemia in genetically obese animals. In this study, both lean and obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned into the following groups: control (CON, n=7), exercise training (EX, n=7), hypoxia (HYP, n=7) and exercise training with hypoxia recovery (EX+HYP, n=7). During a 6-week training period, rats performed swimming exercise progressively from 30 to 180 min·day^?1, and recovered under hypoxia (14% oxygen for 8 h·day^?1). Obese Zucker rats exhibited substantially greater fasting insulin levels, and exaggerated glucose and insulin responses following an oral glucose challenge compared with lean rats. At the beginning of week 6, body weight, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, area under curve of glucose (GAUC) and insulin (IAUC) in the EX+HYP group were significantly lower than CON group among the obese rats. Meanwhile, only GAUC was significantly lower in the EX group compared to the CON group. At the end of week 6, capillaries to fibre ratio (C/F), capillary density (CD) and type IIa fibre proportion of the plantaris muscle in the EX group were significantly greater than the CON group (P<0.05), but no additive effect of hypoxia on exercise training was observed. Our data demonstrate that exercise training with prolonged hypoxia recovery offers better metabolic benefits than exercise training alone for the obese Zucker rats. This advantage was closely associated with effective weight reduction.     

Time course of recovery of vertical jump height and heart rate versus running speed after a 90-km foot race

It is well known that sport and exercise play an important role in stimulating site-specific bone mineral density (BMD). However, what is less well understood is how these benefits dissipate throughout the body. Hence, the aim of the present study was to compare the BMD (recorded at nine sites throughout the skeleton) of 106 male athletes (from nine sports) with that of 15 male non-exercising age-matched controls. Given that BMD is known to increase with body mass and peak with age, multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance were performed to compare the BMD of the nine sports groups with controls (at all sites) using body mass and age as covariates. Our results confirmed a greater adjusted BMD in the arms of the upper-body athletes, the right arm of racket players and the legs of runners (compared with controls), supporting the site-specific nature (i.e. specific to the externally loaded site) of the bone remodelling response (all P?<0.01). However, evidence that bone mass acquisition is not just site-specific comes from the results of the rugby players, strength athletes, triathletes and racket players. The rugby players' adjusted BMD was the greatest of all sports groups and greater than controls at all nine sites (all P?<0.01), with differences ranging from 8% greater in the left arm to 21% in the lumbar spine. Similarly, the strength athletes' adjusted BMD was superior to that of controls at all sites (P?<0.05) except the legs. The adjusted BMD of the triathletes was significantly greater than that of the controls in both the arms and the legs as well as the thoracic and lumbar spine. The racket players not only had significantly greater right arm BMD compared with the controls but also a greater BMD of the lumbar spine, the pelvis and legs. In contrast, the low-strain, low-impact activities of keep-fit, cycling and rowing failed to benefit BMD compared with the age-matched controls. These results suggest that sporting activities involving high impact, physical contact and/or rotational forces or strains are likely to convey significant benefits not only to the loaded sites, but also to other unloaded peripheral and axial sites throughout the skeleton.