Practitioner tales: possible roles for research evidence in practice

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses, compares, and contrasts 4 different models for bringing evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) into practice and into practical reasoning. I look at what questions the models can and cannot answer, what role they accord to RCT evidence, and what their possible attraction for practitioners might be. The models are those of Philip Davies, Nancy Cartwright, Stephen Toulmin, and Harald Grimen. The first 2 are constructed for the purpose of using evidence in practice, the 3rd is an adapted argumentation model, and the 4th is based on phronesis and represents an alternative to evidence-based education. It is argued that of these, Toulmin’s model has the narrative qualities that make it the most usable and practitioner-friendly model.     

Cross-sectional research: A critical perspective,use cases,and recommendations for IS research

Cross-sectional data is pervasive in information systems (IS) research. This editorial reviews cross-sectional studies, summarizes their strengths and limitations, and derives use cases of when cross-sectional data is and is not useful in answering research questions. We raise concerns about assertions of temporal causality using data collected employing cross-sectional methods with no temporal order, which makes cause and effect difficult to establish. Based on our discussion of research using cross-sectional data and its limitations, we offer four recommendations for when and how to use such data: (1) improve credibility by reporting research in detail and transparently, (2) ensure appropriate sampling, (3) take configurational perspectives, and (4) integrate cross-sectional data into mixed- or multi-method designs. By doing so, we help IS researchers position and use cross-sectional studies appropriately within their methodological repertoire.     

中国生产性服务业与制造业间关系研究——基于1978~2007年中国数据的协整分析与格兰杰因果检验

服务经奔时代的到来,生产性服务业对经济发展推动作用的凸现引起了越来越多人的关注。然而,从已有的研究采看,生产性服务业与制造业的关系问题并未得到确定的答案,在中国情境下对该问题进行实证研究的文献更显单薄。为此,本文从生产性服务业与制造业的关系角度出发．应用协整分析和格兰杰检验．发现我国的生产性服务业与制造业之间存在长期均衡关系,而且二者之间互为因果荚系。同时,生产性服务业所包含的交通运输仓储和邮政业、房地产业与制造业之间也具有长期均衡关系并互为因果关系。     

《世说新语》“有”字句研究

本文对《世说新语》"有"字句进行穷尽式的描写,详细分析"有"字句各部分的构成情况,目的是对"有"字句在中古时期的发展面貌有一个全面深入的认识。     

基于情境语义学的自然语言“初等问句”分析

情境语义学研究的目的在于将自然语言表达式的＂意义＂在信息范畴内通过现代逻辑技术手段加以解释,问题及其问句兼具认知功能、思维形式功能、语言表达功能以及信息传播功能,利用情境语义学理论对自然语言的初等问句展开语义分析,能够将这一理论在自然语言问句的意义理解上与问题逻辑形式分析之间搭建研究的桥梁。     

Use of Prompt Sentences to scaffold language growth in lower level Chinese classes

This study examined the use of Prompt Sentences （PSs） in lower level Chinese classes. By asking three types of PSs to students and quantitatively analyzing their responses, the author tried to answer the questions （1） whether it is effective to use PS in the beginning Chinese class, and （2） when to apply which type of PS to which group of students and what situations. The author found that using PSs in beginning Chinese classes is only effective when students have some grip on vocabulary. No particular type of PS stood out as more or less effective in terms of developing language skills. PS＇s have an insignificant impact on students＇ pronunciation in the short term.     

农业科技人力资源与农业经济发展关系分析

基于对我国种植业科研机构及其科技人力资源情况的深入分析,研究运用协整检验和Granger因果检验等方法,探讨了种植业科研机构科技人员结构、人力资本、科技人员流动与农业经济发展的关系,主要得出以下结论：第一,种植业科研机构科技人员结构、人力资本、科技人员流动与农业经济发展均为一阶单整序列。第二,农业经济发展序列与科技人力资源序列存在长期均衡和短期动态关系,当短期动态关系偏离时,将以90.18%的力度调整至均衡状态。第三,女性科技人员比重与人力资本的增加均对农业经济发展具有正面影响,科技人员流动对农业经济发展影响不明显,甚至具有微负面效应。第四,种植业科研机构科技人员结构与农业经济发展,农业经济发展与科技人员流入、人力资本均存在单向因果关系;农业经济发展与科技人员流出之间因果关系得不到实证支持。据此,研究提出了充分发挥科技人力资源优势,促进农业经济发展的建议。     

如何通过强制来培养自由——赫尔巴特《论对世界的审美展示是教育的主要任务》之研究

发表于1804年的《论对世界的审美展示是教育的主要任务》是赫尔巴特第一篇系统探讨教育的论文。他主要受康德的影响和激发,试图在此文中借助审美提出一种教育影响理论,以解决康德＂如何通过强制来培养自由＂的教育难题：教育者只有借助对世界的审美展示,才能通过无强制的强制去培养人的自由。赫尔巴特把这一思想在其两年后的《普通教育学》中加以系统化和深化。从《论对世界的审美展示是教育的主要任务》到《普通教育学》不仅显示了赫尔巴特教育学思想产生的＂秘密＂及其发展趋向,同时也体现了赫尔巴特从德国当时强调审美救赎的浪漫传统向西方＂知识即道德＂的理性主义传统的回归。     

《庄子·齐物论》疑问句修辞分析

《齐物论》是《庄子》最重要的篇章,它在语言运用方面有一个特色,就是问句特多。一篇文章,问句竟达数十,显然是刻意为之,也应该与庄子要表达的思想感情有关。本文归纳《齐物论》中问句的类型,结合庄子思想的特点,揭示庄子运用不同类型的问句所起的表情达意的作用。     

“把”字句句法-语义研究

＂把＂字句中的介词＂把＂是语义关系的重要标志,＂把＂字句是典型的述谓结构。从＂格＂范畴角度可以把＂把＂字句分为：受事＂把＂字句,施事＂把＂字句,系事＂把＂字句,非施受关系的＂把＂字句,处所关系的＂把＂字句和表工具关系的＂把＂字句。从动词＂价＂角度分析可以把＂把＂字句语义结构分为：一价动词＂把＂字句,二价动词＂把＂字句,三价动词＂把＂字句。