浅谈数控机床人机界面设计

数控机库是现代制造的重要工具.本文从人机工程学角度出发,分别从数控机床整体界面设计和控制面板设计两方面对数控机床的人机界面设计进行探讨.     

Student teachers go online; the need for a focus on human agency and pedagogy in learning about ‘e-learning’ in initial teacher education (ITE)

This paper argues that student teachers’ developing pedagogical approaches achieve expression within the virtual classroom in much the same way as they would in the ‘real’ classroom; that is to say through language as the primary tool of mediation. Whilst the advent of new communications technologies affords new arenas in which learning can take place—Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs), online communities, Managed Learning Environments—the importance of human agency and the significance of language remains pivotal to the effective use of such technologies. As such it is argued that student teachers need opportunities to engage in authentic online dialogue with children as they endeavour to find their online pedagogical voice. The key findings emerge from a case study carried out with a group of Year 3 ICT specialists on an undergraduate initial teacher education (ITE) degree course in the UK, leading to qualified teacher status (QTS) in the primary and lower secondary phases of education. Funding from the University of Brighton, Community University Partnership Programme (CUPP), was used to design and resource a module, which facilitated opportunities for student teachers to engage in online learning dialogues with children from a local primary school, having initially met with the children face-to-face. Fourteen student teachers participated in the study. Interviews were carried out and their online dialogues with the children were analysed to establish both the issues and potential advantages of such a situated approach to learning about the educational use of new communications technologies with children.     

The relation between tools used in action research and the zone of proximal development

This article describes a national school improvement project involving five compulsory schools for hard‐of‐hearing pupils, located in different parts of Sweden. Using action research, the teachers tried to change the communication patterns among the pupils by changing their own classroom practices, In this process the teachers tested and used different tools, such as writing, shadowing and facilitating each other, over a three‐year period. The purpose of this article is to examine how tools used in action research can be used to promote learning in relation to the concept of the zone of proximal development. The theoretical framework of the study is based on action research, as a collaborative way of creating knowledge, and on sociocultural learning theories. The basic assumption is that teachers, by using different tools, also challenge each other’s learning. The results show the importance of internalising tools that become owned by individuals or communities of practise. To be able to assume an active role in the zone of proximal development, and to produce knowledge collaboratively, a meaning‐making process was needed. It was found that this could be realised if the participants had an awareness of how to function as a critical friend among colleagues. Furthermore, the results revealed that, by using different tools, different voices can be heard. Three categories of voices were identified.     

从活动理论看MP-Lab数学课堂的设计

兴起于20世纪20年代的活动理论一直作为一种思维框架贯穿于人们做事的方法当中,当然在教育实践领域当中也有之发挥作用的地方。MP-Lab作为一种数学学习的认知工具,它强调通过学生的实践动手来达到意义建构的目的。首先,文章对活动理论系统各要素进行简要分析;然后,结合教学设计相关理论知识,对在活动理论指导下MP-Lab数学课堂教学设计各要素之间的关系和特点进行分析;最后,通过一个完整的案例来透析活动理论对MP-Lab数学课堂教学设计的指导作用。     

曲面薄壁工件加工工艺探索

航空航天产品中常用曲面薄壁零件,多年来,这类产品的加工一直采用人工旋压和开模冲压的方法,但这两种方法在实际操作过程中都存在不足。为克服以上两种方法的不足,对薄壁曲面工件的加工可以利用数控车床的优点,通过调整程序、调整刀具的几何角度、选择合理的切削速度和走刀量解决车削薄壁特型曲面工件的难题。     

“语言工具论”对“语文工具”说的影响及其认识误区

正确理解＂语言工具论＂的观点,直接影响着我们对语文性质的科学认识。西方美学的语言学转向,为我们认识与思考语言提供了一个崭新的视角,从语言的本体性、主体性角度告诉我们：语言与人类是相互依存关系;人的思想是在语言中生成;语言不等于文字。这些为我们反思＂语文工具＂说提供了重要的理论基础。     

电溶法处理废硬质合金回收金属钴和碳化钨

介绍了以硫酸为电解质,用电溶法处理废硬质合金,回收金属钴和碳化钨的方法。     

热处理对YT14硬质合金钴相成分和结构的影响

本文利用X射线衍射技术和俄歇电子谱，对不同热处理下YT14硬质合金中的Co粘结构相进行了成分和结构的定量分析，实验结果表明，经热处理后，硬质合金Co相中的β面心结构含量增多，Co相中溶解的C，W，Ti等元素的含量也增加。分析认识，YT14中Co相的固溶强化以及因β-Co含量增多引起的Co相塑性提高，是热处理导致硬质合金YT14强度提高的重要原因。     

基于政策工具视角的长三角地区机器人产业政策研究

机器人产业发展水平是衡量国家科技创新能力和经济高质量发展程度的重要标志,而产业政策是推动机器人产业发展的战略指南。基于政策工具视角,分别从工具和创新链维度构建了机器人产业政策研究的二维框架,采用内容分析法对长三角地区2010-2017年的42份政策文本进行量化研究。研究发现：长三角地区机器人产业综合性政策较多,专项政策严重匮乏;政策工具存在使用严重不足和使用过溢的极化现象;政策信号功能有余,增量效应不足。最后针对上述问题提出了对策建议。     

IMS LD规范视域下的“学习单元”设计

怎样基于教育建模语言（Educational Modeling Language,简称EML）开展形式化层次的教学设计,是教学设计自动化领域中一个值得探讨的问题。IMSLD规范是一种经过改造的EML,具有目标、性质、基础、体系、提出者等五个方面的特点。基于IMSLD规范的学习（单元）设计有四条原理：指导思想原理、要素结构原理、设计层次原理、创设流程原理。从九个维度进一步对国际上已经推出的20多个IMSLD工具进行了归类和比较,并以《教育技术原理》教改课程为例,阐述了基于IMSLD规范的“学习单元”设计的具体过程,简介了“学习单元”设计制品的四条应用途径。