Respiratory face mask: a novel and cost-effective device for use during the application of myocardial ischemia in rats

To shorten operation time and improve survival rate of rats with myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction, we use a novel device comprised of a face mask and a head/neck retainer in this study. We report the basic design of the novel respiratory face mask (RFM) and evaluate its performance in a rat model of myocardial ischemia. The device is cost-effective and easier to handle than other devices, such as tracheal intubation. Compared with conventional tracheal intubation, we found that RFM shortens operation time significantly while keeping blood indices normal; the mean operation time for rats in the mask group was (32±3) min, and that for the intubation group was (45±7) min (P<0.05). Moreover, the size and shape of the RFM can be changed according to the body weight of rats. In conclusion, RFM is an appropriate device for the establishment of myocardial infarction or ischemia-reperfusion in rats.     

Belonging,school support and communication: Essential aspects of school success for students with cerebral palsy in mainstream schools

PurposeInvestigate successful school experiences for students with cerebral palsy (CP); identify and describe learning and participation at school.MethodsA phenomenologically-informed qualitative study using in-depth interviews with students (n = 7), parents (n = 11), teachers (n = 10), principals (n = 9), and allied health (n = 10) was conducted to investigate multiple perceptions. Thematic analysis occurred within and between groups.ResultsThree themes were identified: Students belong and benefit; Classroom enablers that help; Communication is crucial.ConclusionsStudents’ school experiences are enhanced by innovative classroom solutions that support classroom learning and involvement. Students rely on a diverse team that communicate well and implement individualised solutions that enable success.     

Effect of short term vitamin E supplementation on lipid peroxidation in acute myocardial infarction

In view of sufficient body of evidence to substantiate the role of free radical mediated oxidative injury in myocardial infarction (M.I.), the utility of exogenous supplementation with antioxidant substance, vitamin E was studied. Forty patients of acute myocardial infarction were divided into two equal groups, one who received vitamin E and the other who did not. Plasma MDA levels showed a reduction in patients of M.I. who received vitamin E as well as in those who did not, however, the decrease was significantly more in the vitamin E treated subgroup.     

血管紧张素转化酶基因I/D多态性与高血压脑梗塞发病的相关性

采用PCR方法分别检测82例高血压合并脑梗塞患者(BI)、67例单纯高血压患者(EH)和95例健康对照者(C)的血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)基因I/D多态性类型,并分析ACE基因I/D多态性分布与高血压合并脑梗塞发病的相关性.结果显示,BI组ACE基因的D/D基因型频率和D等位基因频率(分别为0.341和0.524)显著高于C组(分别为0.200和0.374,P<0.05)和EH组(分别为0.179和0.358,P<0.05),而EH组和C组ACE基因的D/D基因型频率和D等位基因频率无显著性差异.该研究结果表明,ACE基因的D/D基因型可能是高血压合并脑梗塞发病的独立危险因素.     

抗阻运动通过刺激骨骼肌FSTL1分泌抑制心梗大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及其机制探讨

目的:探讨抗阻运动通过刺激骨骼肌卵泡抑素样蛋白1(Follistatin-like protein 1,FSTL1)分泌,抑制心梗(Myocardial Infarction,MI)大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及其机制。方法:动物实验:结扎SD大鼠左冠状动脉前降支制备MI模型,术后随机分为5组,分别为假手术组(S)、心梗安静对照组(MI)、心梗+抗阻运动组(MR)、心梗+腺相关病毒空载体组(MV)、心梗+FSTL1腺相关病毒载体组(MF),每组10只,其中S组只穿线不结扎。术后1周,MR组进行为期4周的爬梯抗阻运动,MV组和MF组于左后肢胫骨前肌分别注射腺相关病毒空载体和FSTL1腺相关病毒载体。训练结束后次日,腹腔麻醉,测定心功能,摘取心脏和左后肢胫骨前肌。Masson染色观察并计算心肌胶原容积百分比(CVF%);TUNEL检测分析心肌细胞凋亡;Western Blotting实验测定骨骼肌和血清FSTL1蛋白含量,心肌FSTL1、DIP2A、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR、Bcl2/Bax蛋白表达。细胞实验:H9C2细胞分为8组,即H9C2对照组、H9C2+LPS(脂多糖:Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)组、H9C2+LPS+AICAR(AMPK激动剂AICAR)组、H9C2+LPS+LY294002(PI3K抑制剂LY294002)组、H9C2+LPS+AICAR+LY294002组、H9C2+LPS+rhFSTL1组、H9C2+LPS+rhFSTL1+AICAR组、H9C2+LPS+rhFSTL1+LY294002组。TUNEL检测H9C2细胞凋亡,CCK8检测H9C2细胞存活率,Western Blotting实验检测细胞FSTL1、DIP2A、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR、Bcl2/Bax蛋白表达。结果:MI后大鼠骨骼肌FSTL1基因和蛋白表达降低,心肌FSTL1基因表达无显著变化,心肌和血清FSTL1蛋白水平显著升高,心肌细胞凋亡和心肌纤维化显著增加,心功能下降。抗阻运动或胫骨前肌注射FSTL1腺相关病毒载体后,骨骼肌、血清和心肌FSTL1蛋白水平均显著升高,心肌FSTL1受体DIP2A、p-Akt、p-mTOR、Bcl2/Bax蛋白表达均显著上调,心肌细胞凋亡和心肌纤维化减少,心功能显著改善,且抗阻运动显著上调骨骼肌FSTL1基因表达,但心肌FSTL1基因表达无显著性差异。FSTL1和AICAR干预均显著抑制LPS诱导的H9C2细胞凋亡,增加FSTL1、DIP2A、p-Akt、p-mTOR、Bcl2/Bax蛋白表达水平和细胞存活率,LY294002干预与上述作用相反。结论:在抗阻运动上调MI大鼠心肌FSTL1表达抑制心肌细胞凋亡过程中,骨骼肌源性FSTL1发挥重要作用,骨骼肌源性FSTL1可通过血液循环到达心脏,与其受体DIP2A结合,激活下游Akt-mTOR信号通路,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,降低心肌纤维化,改善MI大鼠心功能。     

低分子肝素加丹参注射液治疗急性脑梗塞的疗效观察

目的观察低分子肝素(速避凝)加丹参注射液治疗急性梗塞的疗效.方法对60例起病在48h内的急性脑梗塞患者随机分为治疗组和对照组给予低分子肝素加丹参及普通治疗.结果治疗组较对照组治愈率(P＜0.05)明显提高.结论本疗法疗效理想,应用方便,副反应轻而小,值得临床推广.     

蛛网膜下腔出血后血浆不对称二甲基精氨酸的含量研究

研究血浆中不对称二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）浓度与蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的关系。蛛网膜下腔出血患者血浆ADMA平均水平,第3、7和14天分别为2．3±0．8μmol／L、6．4±1．5μmol／L和14．1±0．9μmol／L,对照组平均为1．1±0．3μmol／L,两组间比较差异显著（P〈0．01）。ADMA参与了蛛网膜下腔出血病理生理过程,水平与脑血管痉挛关系密切。     

13C尿素呼气实验用于慢性幽门螺旋杆菌感染与脑梗死关系的研究

目的：用无创性检测慢性幽门螺旋杆菌（Helicobacter pylori，Hp）感染的方法（^13C尿素呼气实验），探讨慢性Hp感染与急性脑梗死的相关性及可能的作用机制。方法：用^13C尿素呼气实验检测82例急性脑梗死患者及78例对照患者的Hp感染情况。结果：急性脑梗死组有20例Hp阳性，Hp的感染率为23．8％；对照组有6例Hp阳性，Hp的感染率为7．7％。结论：①急性脑梗死患者的Hp感染率比对照组高（P〈O．01）；②与国内外诸多研究不同的是我们用”C尿素呼气实验检测慢性Hp感染，结果是其感染率明显低于用其它方法检测的结果（病例组与对照组均低），其原因可能是在大多数研究中，采用血清学方法检测Hp抗体Ig-G、Ig-A、Ig—M来诊断慢性Hp感染，假阳性率高；③慢性Hp感染可能通过多种机制导致急性脑梗死的发生。     

Study of apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphism in patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction

INTRODUCTIONAtheroscleroticCerebralInfarction (ACI)isoneofthemostcommoncerebralvasculardis easse.Itspathogenesishasnotyetbeencom pletelyexpounded ,althoughmoreandmorestudiesshowingthatgeneticfactorsmayplayanimportantrole ,especiallygeneticmutations.Lo cat…     

TCD study of hemodynamic changes in PCA response to photic stimulation

Objectives: During visual stimulation, the elevated metabolism rate will couple with increase of blood flow velocity(BFV) in posterior cerebral artery(PCA). This study with TCD was aimed to investigate whether the coupling might change according to the different vasoneuronal conditions. Methods: Ninety-nine volunteers including 24 hypertension(HT) patients and 2 patients suffering from both HT and diabetes mellitus(DM) were enrolled in this trial. BFV and pulse indexes(PI) in P2 segments of PCA on both sides were monitored during visual stimulation. Results: In all subjects, Mean BFV increased and PI went down in response to visual stimulation. The percentages of changes (ΔV and ΔP) of both mean BFV and PI were larger in young group(<55 years old) than in old one(≥55 years old). There was significant positive correlation between ΔV and ΔP. Multivariated regression analysis did not show HT and DM, but age related to ΔV(ΔP). We did not find significant difference of ΔV(ΔP) between left and right sides. Conclusions: Blood flow velocity in PCA P2 segment increased due to decreased cerebrovascular resistance during visual stimulation and the response weakened with aging of the patient.