Young people and school General Certificate of Secondary Education attainment: looking for the ‘missing middle’

In Britain, educational qualifications gained at school continue to play an important and central role in young people’s educational and employment pathways. Recently there has been growing interest in documenting the lives of ‘ordinary’ young people. In this paper we analyse the Youth Cohort Study of England and Wales in order to better document the experiences of those with ‘middle’ levels of school General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) attainment. The overall pattern of school GCSE attainment is one of increasing levels of performance. GCSE attainment is still highly stratified. Girls performed better than boys, and there were some marked differences in attainment for pupils from the main minority ethnic groups. Most notably, parental socio-economic positions are the most important factor. The analyses fail to persuade us that there are clear boundaries that demark a ‘middle’ category of school GCSE attainment. We conclude that sociologists should study ‘ordinary’ young people; however, school GCSE attainment is best understood as a continuum, and measures such as the number of GCSEs or point scores are preferable.     

高等职业教育与职业资格证书衔接问题探讨

本文以《旅游服务与酒店管理》专业为例，对高等职业教育与职业资格证书获取，从教学目标的同质性，课程设置、培养目标、教学方法、评价方式的可行性等方面进行了研究分析，认为二者之间不但不矛盾而且是相互支撑的，高职教育就应该以“突出职业能力为中心，以就业为导向，以能力为本位，以需求为目标，以培养高技能应用人才为根本任务”，构建课程和教学内容体系。     

解析SSL握手协议

SSL协议是网络安全的重要协议，被广泛应用于安全数据传输与互联网交易中．它分为记录层协议和握手协议．握手协议允许服务器和客户端相互认证，在传输数据前协商加密算法和密码密钥，本文就握手协议的原理加以解析．     

PKI技术与应用

公钥基础设施PKI是以公开密钥技术为基础,以数据的机密性、完整性和不可抵赖性为安全目的而构建的认证、授权、加密等硬件、软件的综合体系,是信息安全基础设施的一个重要组成部分,是一种普遍适用的网络安全体系,是目前解决网络交易和通信安全问题的最佳途径。     

A Tale of Two Cities: a comparison of the PGCE Secondary English programmes at the Universities of Bristol and Malta,with particular emphasis on the student teachers' school‐based experience and the role of the mentor

In this article, we compare the Secondary English Post Graduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) programme for initial teacher education at the University of Bristol, UK, with that at the University of Malta, with particular attention to the content of the respective programmes and the role of the school‐based mentor. We explore issues raised by the fact that, while Bristol relies on a mentor figure to support all student teachers, the Maltese programme does not yet use this model. Consideration is given to the benefits and challenges of working with mentors and the implications for student teachers and their mentors with the development of the newly‐introduced School Direct programme in England.     

构想高职院校商务英语专业“以证代考,赛考结合”考核模式

高职院校商务英语专业传统考核方式形式单一,考核内容不合理,存在着种种弊端。为构建本专业"双课联动,课证融通"的人才培养模式,提高学生的职业综合素养和就业竞争能力,该文根据当前商务英语专业的现状、课程安排,分析归纳专业课程特点,探索符合专业特点的"以证代考,赛考结合"的考核模式。     

继续教育视角下的非学历证书考试发展策略

非学历证书考试的性质、功能,使其具备了为继续教育服务的可能。继续教育视角下的非学历证书考试,应定位于为社会提供一种学习标准和培养考生持久学习的理念。合理设立考试项目、科学选择考试内容和方法、重视评价反馈,是继续教育背景下建设高效、优质非学历证书考试的重要举措。     

从“厄特马斯”法案看注册会计师法律责任范围

任何较为成熟的社会形态,必定都是经过了混沌现实的洗礼。正如在上世纪三十年代之前的美国,法律责任问题远没有像我们想象的那样规范,经济社会中处处也充斥着责任模糊不清、审判一句不明的状况。由此而来的尔虞我诈层出不穷,经济震荡时不时还会由此发生,本应作为经济社会重要监督者注册会计师也未能发挥其应有的职能。发生在二十年代末三十年代初期的“厄特马斯”法案,无疑为注册会计师行业在法律责任范围内确立了明确的标杆。时至今日仍对我国的注会行业发生着重大影响。本文从震惊美国的“厄特马斯”法案展开,进一步分析总结美国注册会计师业及法律界对此次震荡进行的反应和补救措施,以此为鉴对我国今日注册会计师行业法律责任的启示。     

试论电子认证机构的民事法律责任

本文在简要介绍电子签名及其认证机制的基础上,通过分析电子认证法律关系以及认证机构在认证法律关系中所处的地位,着重研究了电子认证中认证机构的民事法律责任问题。     

浅析大学生“考证热”

近年来,大学校园里出现了一股"考证热",这一现象有其产生的时代背景,有一定的合理性和必然性。日益严峻的就业形势和我国人才评价制度逐渐与国际接轨,我国职业准入制度的初步确立,以及市场机制的需求,国家政策的导向,客观上催生了大学校园的"考证"热。在竞争日趋激烈的今天,大学生用"考证"这种方式来增加竞争的砝码,从主流上说,是一种进步。但"证书"作为一种"信任系统"和"体制化的文化资本",在彰显现代社会理性色彩的同时也导致"泡沫教育"、"人才高消费"、"知识失业"等非理性化的社会负功能。