《大卫·科波菲尔》中的漫画人物

该文从狄更斯《大卫·科波菲尔》中人物的性格特征分析入手 ,比较分析了漫画人物和扁形人物的不同概念和特点 ,认为狄更斯在《大卫·科波菲尔》中用夸张、变形和反复等手法 ,塑造的是大量的漫画人物。这些人物的性格是复杂的、发展的 ,他们是幽默的或讽刺的喜剧人物 ,是对真善美的歌颂、对假恶丑的鞭挞 ,具有强烈的喜剧效果     

生物进化思想的发展

生物进化的思想经历了产生、确立及发展的过程,至今进化理论仍在完善之中。拉马克(JeanBaptisteLamarck,1744~1829)是第一个提出生物进化观点的学者。查理士·达尔文(CharlesRobertDarwin,1809~1882)提出了广为人们接受的自然选择学说。其他科学家不断地对生物进化的理论予以完善。     

Visualization schemes for domain novices exploring a topic space: the navigation classification scheme

In this article and two other articles which conceptualize a future stage of the research program (Leide, Cole, Large, & Beheshti, submitted for publication; Cole, Leide, Large, Beheshti, & Brooks, in preparation), we map-out a domain novice user’s encounter with an IR system from beginning to end so that appropriate classification-based visualization schemes can be inserted into the encounter process. This article describes the visualization of a navigation classification scheme only. The navigation classification scheme uses the metaphor of a ship and ship’s navigator traveling through charted (but unknown to the user) waters, guided by a series of lighthouses. The lighthouses contain mediation interfaces linking the user to the information store through agents created for each. The user’s agent is the cognitive model the user has of the information space, which the system encourages to evolve via interaction with the system’s agent. The system’s agent is an evolving classification scheme created by professional indexers to represent the structure of the information store. We propose a more systematic, multidimensional approach to creating evolving classification/indexing schemes, based on where the user is and what she is trying to do at that moment during the search session.     

‘ONE STATE,ONE TELEVISION,ONE PUBLIC’

This article seeks to reappraise two popular yet neglected examples of variety programming, which appeared on French television during the 1960s: Discorama and Age tendre et tête de bois. While the former has been situated within a realist televisual aesthetic and regarded as a launch-pad for French singer-songwriters, the latter has been represented as a youth-oriented vehicle for rock ‘n’ roll and yé-yé pop music. Although such interpretations are to a large extent valid, this article will argue that both programmes should also be viewed as symptomatic of Charles de Gaulle's statist broadcasting strategy, which placed great emphasis on creating social cohesion via programmes designed to appeal to the widest possible audience.     

The World of Charles J. Kappler: A Digital Portrait

ABSTRACT

Charles J. Kappler (1868–1946) is known almost exclusively for his Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties compilation, yet his life and his career were much fuller. Besides serving as Clerk for the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, he was co-counsel for the Pious Fund of the Californias v. Mexico proceedings before the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague and, in one role or another, played a substantial part in many significant federal Indian law cases before the United States Supreme Court in the years leading up to the establishment of the Indian Claims Commission. A digital Web site has been developed to present lesser known aspects of his personal and professional life.     

达尔文的"动物道德"论——达尔文对"动物道德"的描述和说明

在《人类的由来》中,达尔文试图对人类良心的起源作彻底自然主义的解释,于是,他必然会追溯到“动物道德”的起源。达尔文虽然强调了只有人才是真正的道德动物,但又指出人和动物一样都具有一些社会性本能,它们会随着理智能力的高度发展而发展出良心或类似于良心的东西。在“动物道德”的形成过程中,群体自然选择起着重要作用。     

17世纪初英西外交失败原因剖析

英国斯图亚特王朝早期的两位君主都主张实行亲西班牙的外交战略。但是查理为了雪洗在西班牙宫廷中受到的羞辱,同时也为了迎合英国人根深蒂固的反西班牙情绪,以便争取政治精英的信任和支持,遂在白金汉的怂恿下向西班牙宣战,卷入了三十年战争。事与愿违,查理的反西班牙政策非但没有使他赢得政治精英的信任,却恶化了查理与政治精英之间的关系,原因就在于他的现实主义外交与乡绅理想主义外交、新教价值倾向与天主教价值倾向之间的碰撞。     

浅析维多利亚中产阶级价值观——以《远大前程》为例

查尔斯.狄更斯是维多利亚时期著名的英国小说家,他的晚期成熟作品《远大前程》描述了维多利亚时代中产阶级的生活并反映了他们的价值观。这种价值观主要有三部分组成：福音主义、功利主义和家庭伦理。小说中的三个人物：乔.葛吉瑞、阿伯尔.马格维奇以及乔.文米克分别代表了这三大方面。乔是伟大的福音主义者;马格维奇是功利主义和绅士梦的崇拜者;文米克则是＂理想的家＂的实践者。通过分析可进一步探讨狄更斯本人对维多利亚中产阶级的态度。