基于互动博弈的组织不同层级间激励协同机制设计

基于双重委托代理理论,以组织效益最大化为目标,构建了静态纳什均衡模型及动态序贯博弈模型,分析了既定情境下的高低层级群体互动博弈过程及其对策。模型的演绎机制揭示:在提供顶层设计前提下,短期内,组织对高层级群体绩效与奖惩紧密挂钩,将提升组织监管有效性;而组织越过高层级群体对低层级群体加重惩罚是无效的;长期看,无论对高层级群体还是低层级群体,组织必须配有一定程度的负激励,负激励是更为有效和持久的激励。     

健身反向走对老年女性平衡能力的影响

为探讨反向走改善或提高机体平衡能力的价值,本研究以26名61～70岁的老年女性为研究对象,随机分为2组,一组进行常规健身锻炼（正向快走或慢跑）,一组进行反向走锻炼。2组老年人在锻炼开始前和锻炼12周后,检测平衡功能（闲眼单脚站立时间、Footscan测力台系统静态睁眼双足站立测试和身体最大活动幅度测试、步态分析）。研究结果发现：12周锻炼后,反向走组老年人的闭眼单脚站立时间明显延长,身体最大活动幅度测试中X轴方向运动的最大和最小幅度明显增加,步态分析中右足跟到达最大压力的时间明显增加、身体重心额状轴最大位移明显降低。而常规健身组老年人只是在身体最大活动幅度测试中X轴方向运动的最小幅度明显增加。上述结果说明：反向走与正向快走或慢跑相比,可显著改善老年人的平衡功能,因此可以作为老年人平衡能力锻炼的一种新方式。     

人教版高中《化学·必修1》“从实验学化学”的调查研究

人教版高中《化学.必修1》第一章"从实验学化学",与新课程标准必修模块"认识化学科学和化学实验基础"两个主题相对应。为了解学生运用人教版教材学习此章的情况,我们从内容选择、呈现方式、组织结构、实验设计、总体目标达成度等维度对湖南地区师生进行了问卷调查和访谈,通过统计分析,为高中化学教材编写提供建议。     

大众化背景下的高等教育入学机会:问题、根源和对策

高等教育大众化促进了入学机会总量的迅速增加,但机会增多并不等于机会均等,地区、城乡、阶层和性别之间的入学机会不均依然显著存在。制度性教育的天然缺陷、城乡二元制的结构制约、考选制度的隐性不公、成本分担的制度失衡、资本存量的代际影响、基础教育的不均积续、性别偏好的消极影响等是造成我国高等教育入学机会不均的深层原因。应在稳步推进高等教育大众化的基础上,通过制度变革和政策调整来增进高等教育公平。     

基团电负性在有机化学中的应用

通过对基团电负性的计算，定量的说明有机化学中最常见的活性中间体碳正离子的稳定性及解释反应历史中的反马氏规则现象，基团电负性在有机化学中的应用，可以把定性描述量化，是理论教学中质的飞跃，值得努力推进。     

Vapor-liquid equilibrium simulation of binary and ternary mixtures of CH4, C2H4 and iso-C4H10

The vapor-liquid equilibrium（VLE） properties for the binary and ternary mixtures of CH4,C2H4 and isoC4H10 are of great importance in the recovery of ethylene from mixture containing CH4 and C2H4 with iso-C4H10 as solvent.Hence,Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo（GEMC） simulations were used to estimate vapor-liquid equilibrium for the binary and ternary mixtures of CH4,C2H4 and iso-C4H10 with the united atom potential NERD model.The selected simulation conditions are based on the experiment in the literature.The results of this work were shown to be in satisfactory agreement with available experimental data and predictions of Peng-Robinson equation of state.The structure of simulated liquid phase is also characterized by radial distribution function（RDF）,which contributes to further understanding of the VLE curve of these systems.RDF is not sensitive to the pressure and temperature range.With the increase of pressure or the decrease of temperature,the molecules tend to gather together.     

New Structures,New Strategies: CSIRO’s Changing Role in Australian Innovation

Abstract

CSIRO’s role in Australian innovation has evolved over the years in response to changes in the external environment and within Australia’s national innovation system. The process of organisational change has been characterised by a series of restructurings—in 1978, 1988, 1996 and 2001—and accompanying shifts in the organisation’s strategic directions. In this paper we look at the process of organisational change in an historical context, looking at the evolving external environment, the legislative and management background, and the shifts in the organisation’s strategic directions. The change process is interpreted from a punctuated equilibrium perspective. We propose that discontinuous, rather than continuous change, is the way that a complex and diversified organisation like CSIRO adjusts to a changing external environment and, moreover, that independent public reviews have an important role in this process. In the light of major changes in the Australian and scientific landscapes over the past two decades we suggest it is time to look again at CSIRO’s role and the sustainability of its internal management arrangements.     

Why do firms acquire technology?: The example of DSM's ammonia plants, 1925-1970

This article analyses markets for technology from a buyer's perspective: the question why firms acquire technology is the central research question. An in-depth historical case study of a chemical company is confronted with systematic and economic research. The acquisition of complete plants by the particular firm under study is explained and several factors are proposed which may help further research on markets for technology.     

研究型图书馆网络环境下的信息生态构建探讨

文章阐述了信息生态平衡在构建和谐数字图书馆中的必要性。图书馆作为人类文化知识和信息存齄的重要阵地,在构建社会主义和谐社会中发挥着重要作用。图书馆信息生态系统结构优化是构建和谐社会的重要内容,信息生态系统功能良好能促进数字化图书馆的进一步和谐,信息生态系统相对稳定会促进数字图书馆的扣谐发展。     

免费能成为垄断平台的长期均衡策略吗？

在平台经济的发展中,“免费”已成为诸多平台企业常见的定价策略。本文将用户异质性偏好和产品质量差异引入到双边市场理论,探讨了平台长期对部分用户免费的可能性。研究发现：对于单边的垄断平台而言,用户间异质性的边际网络效应是平台实施长期免费策略的必要条件;在引入广告商或者平台竞争后,即使用户间获得的边际网络效应无差异,免费依然可能成为平台的均衡策略;随着边际网络效应的增强或产品间的质量差异扩大,对部分用户免费也更有可能成为平台的长期均衡策略。本文为平台定价策略和平台反垄断政策的制定提供有益借鉴。