Wittgenstein's ‘Relativity’: Training in language‐games and agreement in Forms of Life

Taking Wittgenstein's love of music as my impetus, I approach aporetic problems of epistemic relativity through a round of three overlapping (canonical) inquiries delivered in contrapuntal (higher and lower) registers. I first take up the question of scepticism surrounding ‘groundless knowledge’ and contending paradigms in On Certainty (physics versus oracular divination, or realism versus idealism) with attention given to the role of ‘bedrock’ certainties in providing stability amidst the Heraclitean flux. I then look into the formation of sedimented bedrock knowledge, or practices of knowing, by comparing Wittgenstein's remarks on animal habituation and initiate training into human forms of life. In the latter case, mastery of techniques—our common education—secures agreement in judgment. Finally, I entertain Wittgenstein's obscure references to Einstein's Relativity in Zettel, showing initiate training as a way of ‘setting the clocks’ with variable degrees of certainty, relative to the language‐games played. Together, these three approaches help us to stop the ‘endless circling’ when philosophers try to address knowledge questions through the logic of object and designation, or verification of correspondence between propositions and things. Instead, attention moves to the way we educate our children and how we employ agreements and bedrock certainties in practices.     

Students’ Ideas about How and Why Chemical Reactions Happen: Mapping the conceptual landscape

Research in science education has revealed that many students struggle to understand chemical reactions. Improving teaching and learning about chemical processes demands that we develop a clearer understanding of student reasoning in this area and of how this reasoning evolves with training in the domain. Thus, we have carried out a qualitative study to explore students reasoning about chemical causality and mechanism. Study participants included individuals at different educational levels, from college to graduate school. We identified diverse conceptual modes expressed by students when engaged in the analysis of different types of reactions. Main findings indicate that student reasoning about chemical reactions is influenced by the nature of the process. More advanced students tended to express conceptual modes that were more normative and had more explanatory power, but major conceptual difficulties persisted in their reasoning. The results of our study are relevant to educators interested in conceptual development, learning progressions, and assessment.     

Play to win! Using games in library instruction to enhance student learning

Research has shown that educational games can have positive impacts on student learning and motivation. The success of a game played in a library instruction class depends on the type of game selected, the development of learning outcomes, and the flexibility of the librarian during class. This article explains the benefits to students and librarians of using games, discusses the development and use of a Jeopardy-style game, and provides practical tips for librarians interested in developing and incorporating games into one-time library instruction sessions.     

媒体文化视野中的网络游戏

网络游戏是二十世纪核心文化技术“电子影像”的产物,是信息化文明的标志之一。和电视、电影一样,网络游戏本身作为一种独立的媒体文化形式而存在。鉴于网络游戏在文化、经济、教育等领域所产生的持久而深远的影响,对其研究、管理和开发亟待进一步加强。     

从九运会体操比赛看我国体操运动发展态势

采用文献资料调研、面访调查、现场观察及摄像统计等方法 ,对九运会体操 (海尔杯 )决赛进行了多层次多角度分析 ,揭示了目前我国竞技体操运动现状、特点和发展态势。结果表明 :我国体操运动总体发展态势喜人 ,男、女队在世界体坛均处于第 1集团 ,但竞技综合实力呈男强女弱 ,男子单杠、女子跳马和平衡木弱项明显。旨在为我国竞技体操教学、训练及竞赛工作提供参考。     

淡竞技、重能力、多参与--论高校运动会的改革与创新

高校传统运动会往往都以田径项目为主,随着教育走向国际化,高校对人才的培养也有了明确的目标,淡化竞技、培养能力、树立“健康第一”的指导思想已成为体育课程改革的方向,高校运动会也应改革过去“金牌第一、竞技第一”的传统思想,把精神和文化注入到运动会中去,从而使高校运动会成为广大师生喜闻乐见的盛会。     

现代奥运会商业赞助特征的研究

奥运商业赞助在推动奥运会向前发展过程中具有巨大作用。笔者从奥运会商业赞助的特征入手,全面阐述奥运商业赞助的目的、"TOP"计划实施的具体内容、奥运会商业赞助商的条件、赞助商的特点、奥运商业赞助的市场关系以及奥运赞助商赞助的利益等。     

普通高校篮球选项课运用“领会教学法”的实验研究

为适应普通高校体育教学课程改革,将"领会教学法"引入篮球选项课教学中,通过一年的教学实验取得了良好的教学效果。实验表明:"领会教学法"教学符合现代篮球运动的内在要求和技能学习规律,在学生技术掌握、比赛能力、认知能力以及提高自信心等方面收到良好效果;在培养学生学习兴趣,激发学习主动性方面也起到积极的作用。建议在普通高校篮球选项课教学中积极推广"领会教学法"。     

从“库诺特”模型的演变看竞争情报在企业竞争中的作用

通过介绍西方经济学中“库诺特”模型在引入博弈论后的几种演变模型,探讨如何理解竞争情报在企业竞争分析中的作用和如何充分利用博弈论和经济学的分析方法加强竞争情报研究中的情报分析手段。     

余暇体育研究的理论框构

从余暇体育产生的背景、体育娱乐的内涵和结构,以及与其相适应的观念转变等方面出发,提出了余暇体育研究的理论框架,并对方法论和有关概念作了说明及界定。