Pathways to Children’s Academic Performance and Prosocial Behaviour: Roles of physical health status,environmental, family,and child factors

The objective of this article is to examine the pathways by which children’s physical health status, environmental, family, and child factors affect children’s academic performance and prosocial behaviour, using a theoretically‐based and empirically‐based model of competence development. The model proposes that 3 types of relational processes, dealing with opportunity, support, and skill development through participation, lead to competence. Structural equation modelling was performed on cross‐sectional, parent‐report data for approximately 10,000 Canadian children aged 6–11 years from the 1994–95 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. The analyses controlled for family socioeconomic status and child’s age and sex, and included 3 groups of children (those with activity‐limiting conditions, non‐activity‐limiting conditions, or no health problems). There was little evidence that children with chronic conditions were at direct risk for poorer outcomes. Children with activity‐limiting conditions were at increased indirect risk for academic difficulties through the role played by cognitive functioning. Cognitive functioning and hyperactivity/inattention difficulties were the major predictors of academic performance. Recreational participation and behavioural functioning were the main predictors of prosocial behaviour. The pathways in the model also indicated the importance of family functioning, social support to parents, and neighbourhood cohesion. In conclusion, the findings indicate the utility of the model of competence development in understanding the pathways and processes by which various factors affect children’s academic and social outcomes.     

Bardet–Biedl Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Chronic Kidney Disease

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, postaxial polydactyly, central obesity, and renal involvement. Renal failure is the commonest cause of death. We report a case of BBS with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at younger age (17 year) from India. This diagnosis should be considered in patients with renal disease and the characteristic phenotype of retinitis pigmentosa, postaxial polydactyly and central obesity. These patients should undergo regular monitoring of renal function test to early diagnosis and treatment of CKD to prevent morbidity and mortality. Renal transplantation is a viable option of renal replacement therapy in these patients. These findings are valuable for comparing phenotype of BBS patients with CKD from various national and international centers.     

Assessment of Some Biochemical Oxidative Stress Markers in Male Smokers with Chronic Periodontitis

The present study aims to assess and compare the biochemical oxidative stress markers in male smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. One hundred thirty-four male chronic periodontitis patients and 64 apparently healthy male volunteers were recruited for the study. The periodontal status was evaluated by measuring gingival index, plaque index, papillary bleeding index and clinical attachment loss using UNC-15 probe. The biochemical markers estimated were total antioxidant capacity, RBC-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein. The obtained results indicate higher oxidative stress in chronic periodontitis. Smokers with chronic periodontitis show significantly higher periodontal clinical parameters and relatively higher systemic oxidative stress. Vitamin C estimation may be an important biochemical parameter in conjunction with clinical parameters for diagnosis of chronic periodontitis in smokers.     

Chronic iliofemoral vein obstruction – an under-recognized cause of exercise limitation‡

Local symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency after deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are well described, but little is known about the effect of residual venous obstruction on exercise capacity. We tested our hypothesis that chronic residual iliofemoral vein occlusion (IFVO) after DVT may impair exercise capacity. Nine post-DVT patients with residual IFVO and effort intolerance were studied; a comparison cohort consisted of 11 healthy volunteers. Exercise tolerance was assessed by bimodality incremental symptom-limited cardiopulmonary testing, using leg and arm ergometers. In healthy subjects, leg vein obstruction was modelled by application to the thighs of cuff tourniquets inflated to 30–40?mmHg. Leg exercise tolerance as measured by oxygen uptake at peak exercise (peak ?’O₂) was reduced in patients (median 50% predicted (range 36–83%) vs. 88% predicted (67–129%) in normal subjects, p?2 was 0.95 (0.77–1.43) in patients vs. a normal ratio of 0.73 (0.6–1.0) in healthy subjects (p?2 in leg exercise to 76% predicted (range 55–108%; p?相似文献   

急性乙醇中毒大鼠中枢氨基酸类递质及行为学改变的研究

目的 观察急性乙醇中毒对大鼠海马、小脑氨基酸类神经递质及行为学改变的影响,以探讨急性乙醇中毒对中枢神经系统损害的机制。方法雄性Wistar大鼠48只,随机分为对照组,饮酒后0．5h组,饮酒后1．0h组,饮酒后1．5h组,饮酒后2．0h组,饮酒后4．0h组;实验组60％（v／v）白酒1次灌胃（灌胃体积10ml／kg）,对照组用等量生理盐水灌胃。采用高效液相色谱法和Moms水迷宫法分别检测大鼠小脑和海马中谷氨酸（glutamic acid,Glu）和γ-氨基丁酸（gamma aminobutyric acid,GABA）含量的变化以及逃逸潜伏期（escape latency,EL）的变化。结果实验组大鼠小脑和海马中Glu和GABA含量明显下降（P〈0．01）,小脑中Glu和GABA比值在0．5h和2,0h组明显升高（P〈0．01）．实验组大鼠在饮酒后逃逸潜伏期（EL）值明显延长（P〈0．01）,2．0h组和4．0h组的EL值较其他实验组明显缩短（P〈0．01）。结论急性乙醇中毒引起行为学改变可能与小脑和海马氨基酸类神经递质改变有关。     

Urinary protein thiols in different grades of proteinuria

Total thiol status of plasma, especially thiol groups over protein contributes maximum to the plasma antioxidant status of the body. Serum protein thiols were found to be decreased in various disease conditions including chronic renal failure patients. Only few studies determined the levels of urinary protein thiols in disease conditions. The current study was designed to know the levels of urinary protein thiols in patients with different grades of proteinuria. The study was conducted on urine of 40 healthy controls and 61 cases with proteinuria. Based on proteinuria cases were further divided into two groups; group I - microproteinuria (150–300 mg protein/d), 32 cases, group II - frank proteinuria (>300 mg protein/d), 29 cases. Urinary thiol levels were determined by spectrophotometric method using dithionitrobenzoic acid. A significant decrease (p<0.01) in urinary thiol in group I and group II cases was observed in present study and this decrease was associated with proteinuria.     

Predictors of multiple injuries in individual distance runners: A retrospective study of 75,401 entrants in 4 annual races–SAFER XX

BackgroundThere are limited data on factors that predict an increased risk of multiple injuries among distance runners. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors that are predictive of individual runners with a high annual multiple injury risk (MIR).MethodsA retrospective, cross-sectional study at 4 annual (2012–2015) Two Oceans 21.1 km and 56.0 km races in South Africa with 75,401 consenting race entrants. Running-related injury data were collected retrospectively through an online pre-race medical screening questionnaire. The average number of injuries for each runner every year was calculated by taking a runner''s race entry history and injury history into account and categorizing entrants into 4 MIR categories (high, intermediate, low, and very low (reference)). Multiple logistic regression modeling (odds ratios) was used to determine whether the following factors were predictive of a high MIR (average > 1 injury/year): demographics, training and racing, chronic-disease history (composite chronic disease score (CCDS)), and history of allergies.ResultsOf all entrants, 9.2% reported at least 1 injury, and 0.4% of entrants were in the high MIR category; the incidence rate was 2.5 injuries per 10 runner-years (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.4–2.7). Significant factors predictive of runners in the high MIR category were: running for > 20 years: OR = 2.0 (95%CI: 1.3–3.1; p = 0.0010); a higher CCDS: OR = 2.2 (95%CI: 2.0–2.4; p < 0.0001); and a history of allergies: OR = 2.8 (95%CI: 2.0–3.8; p < 0.0001).ConclusionRunners who have been running recreationally for > 20 years and those with multiple chronic diseases or a history of allergies were at higher risk of multiple running-related injuries. This high-risk group can be targeted for further study and possible injury-prevention interventions.     

牙周炎与冠心病关系的META分析

目的:应用META分析技术定量评价慢性牙周炎与冠心病的联系。方法:检索中国期刊网、维普、万方数据等医学数据库,手工检索相关杂志并追查参考文献。独立筛选、评价文献和提取数据。对数据进行异质性检验后,借助Revm an4.2分析软件并根据其文献来源是否为同质总体而选择不同的M eta分析。结果:纳入6篇文献(794例病例)。冠心病组慢性牙周炎患病率为50.5%,而对照组仅为32.6%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。单因素分析,慢性牙周炎与冠心病密切相关(OR=2.34,95%C I:1.16~4.73)。慢性牙周炎和冠心病不仅有统计学上的关联,还具有明显的剂量反应关系。结论:慢性牙周炎可能是冠心病的独立危险因素。     

沙丁胺醇和丙酸氟替卡松雾化吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重疗效分析

目的观察沙丁胺醇和丙酸氟替卡松雾化吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重的疗效。方法将29例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的患者随机分成两组,对照组28例,常规给予抗生素及相应对照治疗;实验组29例,在对照组的基础上沙丁胺醇与丙酸氟替卡松雾化吸入治疗。用药后观察实验组及对照组临床效应、不良反应及住院时间。结果实验组及对照组每组治疗前后1周临床症状评分差异有显著性,实验组FEV1/预计值,PEF/预计值及住院时间较对照组治疗差异有显著性,并且未发现不良反应。结论在常规抗炎、祛痰等治疗基础上加用沙丁胺醇和丙酸氟替卡松联合雾化治疗一周后,患者临床症状评分及肺功能均明显改善,明显缩短了治疗疗程和住院时间,且无严重不良反应。     

40例慢性鼻窦炎功能性鼻内窥镜手术治疗临床观察

目的观察应用功能性鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的临床疗效。方法 2006年6月至2008年8月利用鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎40例。结果 40例患者中治愈28例,好转12例,效果满意。结论功能性鼻内窥镜手术微创,可视,手术边界清,减少损伤,彻底清除病变,疗效确切。今后应在功能性鼻内镜手术过程中向微创、无创精细程度上发展。