乳腺癌的免疫调节治疗(英文)简

Standard treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies, such as adjuvant hormonal therapy and monoclonal antibodies. Recently, the recognition that chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment promotes tumor growth and survival during different stages of breast cancer development has led to the development of novel immunotherapies. Several immunotherapeutic strategies have been studied both preclinically and clinically and already have been shown to enhance the efficacy of conven- tional treatment modalities. Therefore, therapies targeting the immune system may represent a promising next-generation approach for the treatment of breast cancers. This review will discuss recent findings that elucidate the roles of suppressive immune cells and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the tumor-promoting microen- vironment, and the most current immunotherapeutic strategies in breast cancer.     

60例慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床治疗分析

目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的综合治疗措施.方法：取60例住院的COPD患者病历资料,对患者临床表现、治疗措施、疗效等进行回顾性分析.结果：总有效率为95.0％,与治疗前比较,治疗后患者二氧化碳分压明显降低（P＜0.01）,氧气分压明显升高（P＜0.01）.结论：COPD发病原因复杂,在药物治疗基础上,采取心理指导、吸氧、护理和呼吸功能锻炼等综合措施可获得满意疗效.     

Combining physical and cognitive training to improve kindergarten children’s executive functions: A cluster randomized controlled trial

Considering the convincing evidence that executive functions predict academic achievement significantly, strategies to foster executive functions in the early school years are highly requested. Besides traditional cognitive training, combined physical and cognitive interventions are intended to be a feasible way of enhancing both children’s daily physical activity and executive functions. The purpose of the present study was therefore to test the effectiveness of a six-week combined physical-cognitive intervention, and to compare it to both a sedentary cognitive intervention and a waitlist control group. Using a between-subjects experimental design, 189 children aged between four and six years (M = 5.34, SD = 0.59) were recruited from 14 kindergarten classes, which were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: (a) combined physical and cognitive training, (b) sedentary cognitive training or (c) waitlist control group. Before and after the interventions, all three core executive functions of updating, inhibition and shifting were measured. Physical activity was objectively measured using accelerometers during one intervention session. Linear mixed models revealed that children from both the combined physical-cognitive and the sedentary cognitive intervention improved their updating performance compared to the children of the control group. Inhibition and shifting remained unaffected by both interventions. With respect to children’s daily physical activity, linear mixed models showed that only the combined physical-cognitive intervention could significantly increase the amount of step counts. The results underline the feasibility of combined physical-cognitive interventions to enhance children’s daily physical activity and their cognitive performance.     

Plasma TGF-β1, MMP-1 and MMP-3 Levels in Chronic Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) presenting clinically with upper abdominal pain, as well as exocrine and endocrine insufficiencies, is characterized by irreversible morphological and functional alterations in the pancreas. The objective of the present study is to investigate the plasma levels of transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1 (collagenase) and MMP-3 (stromelysin) in CP. A total of 71 CP patients and 100 control subjects were considered for the study. Plasma levels of TGF-β1, MMP-1 and MMP-3 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients and control subjects. The plasma levels of TGF-β1 and MMP-1 were significantly elevated in patients compared to control group (*P = 0.0301, **P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in the plasma levels of MMP-3 between patients and controls (P = 0.3756). The elevated levels of TGF-β1 and MMP-1 may influence the inflammatory reactions by enhancing the pancreatic stellate cell activation and deposition of extracellular matrix resulting in pancreatic fibrosis. Thus, the present study highlights the role of fibrogenic cytokine marker TGF-β1 and matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of CP.     

太极拳运动对改善中老年慢性疾病状况的研究

文章通过调查统计分析,根据太极拳对人体生理机能的影响特点,分别从各个角度进行对比分析,进一步明确太极拳运动的健身作用和防病治病、延年益寿的功效,得出太极拳运动对中老年人预防和减轻慢性疾病具有显著的效果,从而为太极拳运动可以提高中老年人群机体健康和抗病能力提供科学的理论依据。本研究以中老年为研究对象,来证实太极拳可以有效的预防和缓解慢性疾病的发生。     

锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn—SOD）与运动

Mn—SOD是抵御线粒体氧化损伤的关键性屏障,为延缓运动性疲劳及预防运动性损伤发挥着重要的生理学作用。因此,本文通过查阅相关文献,从Mn—SOD的一般生物学特性及急性和慢性运动对抗氧化酶Mn—SOD的影响等方面进行阐述,为更好地认识Mn—SOD在不同运动方式中的变化特点及其作用提供参考和借鉴。     

电针联合穴位注射治疗慢性盆腔炎的疗效观察

目的:观察电针联合穴位注射治疗慢性盆腔炎的临床疗效。方法:运用电针联合穴位注射方法治疗68例慢性盆腔炎患者,观察其疗效。结果:痊愈48例,显效12例,有效5例,无效3例,总有效率为95.59%。结论:电针联合穴位注射治疗慢性盆腔炎疗效肯定。     

急慢性乙醇中毒对大鼠心脏的影响

目的：探讨急慢性乙醇中毒对大鼠心脏的影响机制．方法：雄性健康SD大鼠,随机分为急性和慢性对照组、急性和慢性乙醇中毒组,每组8只．酶法和比色法检测血清和心肌组织谷草转氨酶（AST）、肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、Ca^2＋-Mg^2＋-ATPase和Na^2＋-K^＋-ATPase的含量,观察心肌微细结构的改变．结果：与对照组相比：急、慢性乙醇中毒＋组心肌MDA、AST、CPK和血清AST、CPK含量升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,SOD含量减少（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,Na^2＋-K^＋-ATPase和Ca^2＋-Mg^＋-ATPase活性降低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）．心肌组织HE染色显示,乙醇中毒组大鼠心肌细胞肿胀、细胞界限模糊不清,慢性组尤为明显．结论：急慢性乙醇中毒通过对大鼠心肌酶和氧自由基的影响而对心脏产生抑制作用．     

Diagnostic efficiency of amylase and type IV collagen in predicting chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis, an irreversible inflammatory disease of the pancreas, is associated with the replacement of the destroyed parenchyma by extended development of fibrosis. Despite marked progress in diagnostic tools, no consensus has been reached in diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. In this study we examined the hematological and biochemical parameters among 40 chronic pancreatitis patients within 18 to 67 yrs. ESR level and ALP activity was elevated in 40% cases. Serum amylase activity increased in 32 patients and it showed significant correlation with ALP (r=0.458, p=0.003), CA-19.9 (r=0.556, p<0.001), and calcium level (r=−0.472, p=0.002). Type IV collagen level in chronic pancreatitis also elevated (164.4 ± 55.5 ng/ml) and showed negative significant correlation with calcium level (r= −0.505, p=0.001). However, no significant correlation was observed between amylase activity and type IV collagen (r=0.289, p= 0.07).     

Predictors of justice system involvement: Maltreatment and education

Decades of research have established that experience of abuse and/or neglect in childhood is related to negative outcomes, such as juvenile delinquency. Existing research has shown that involvement in child welfare services is also related to juvenile delinquency, particularly for children who are victims of neglect. Research has also identified educational factors such as chronic absenteeism as significant predictors of involvement in the juvenile justice system. However, little research has investigated the combined influence of educational factors, child abuse, and involvement in child protective services on justice system involvement. The current study examined the influence of educational factors and involvement in child protective services on justice system involvement. The study utilized records from an educational database of children who attended a school within a county of Mississippi in any year from 2003 through 2013. Cases were then matched with records from the county Youth Court, Law Enforcement agencies, and Child Protection Services. A multivariate logistic regression controlling for gender, race, current age, and time at risk was conducted to involvement in the justice system. In general, educational factors were stronger predictors of justice system involvement than allegations of maltreatment.