Cooperation in innovation activities: The importance of partners

This paper analyses the importance of cooperation partners for the development of innovation activities. We contribute to the literature on cooperation in innovation activities that seeks to identify the characteristics differentiating cooperative from non-cooperative firms by proposing a different approach to this problem. We distinguish firms according to their evaluation of cooperation partners in the development of innovation activities. We apply a probit selection model to account for the firm's decision to cooperate (or not). The data we use come from the Portuguese Third Community Innovation Survey. Our estimation results show that firms from high-technological industries, with higher levels of absorptive capacity and of innovation investment, who give importance to incoming spillovers management, and who cooperate with firms from the same group or with suppliers, place greater value on cooperation partners in the innovation process. Additionally, we also find that the factors influencing the importance attributed to cooperation activities are different from the ones behind the decision to cooperate.     

Who contributes voluntarily to OSS? An investigation among German IT employees

Based on newly assembled survey data, we analyze which individual characteristics of IT employees are associated with the willingness to participate voluntarily in Open Source Software (OSS) projects. We find that, contrary to common expectations, formal educational attainment is not positively associated with the probability or level of OSS contributions. The group of university dropouts, however, does show a particularly high probability of working on such projects. Furthermore, we obtain the striking and novel finding that work-related OSS activities play an important role in determining voluntary OSS contributions during leisure time. Although one has to be cautious regarding the direction of causality, we interpret this as evidence of career-oriented motives in voluntary OSS contributors. The finding is also reinforced by our more specific analysis of the importance of such motives in determining the actual effort invested in OSS projects.     

Academic spin-off’s transfer speed—Analyzing the time from leaving university to venture

For academic spin-offs I analyze the length of the time period between the founder’s leaving of academia and the establishment of her firm. A duration analysis reveals that a longer time-lag is caused by the necessity of assembling complementary skills, either by acquisition by a single founder or by searching for suitable team members. Furthermore, new ventures are established faster if there has been high-level technology transfer, if the founders have access to university infrastructure, or if they receive informal support by former colleagues.     

Performance of Spanish universities in technology transfer: An empirical analysis

This paper investigates the performance of universities in the transfer of technology using a unique university-level dataset for Spain. The results suggest that universities with established policies and procedures for the management of technology transfer perform better. Universities with large and experienced technology transfer offices (TTOs) generate higher volumes of contract research, but the TTO characteristics appear to matter less for university performance in terms of licensing and creation of spin-offs. Furthermore, universities with a science park perform better than those without, which suggests that the agglomeration of knowledge close to universities has a positive effect on universities’ technology transfer performance.     

直接射频采样的L波段星载SAR数字接收机设计

设计了一种直接射频采样的L波段星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)数字接收机.适当选取射频采样频率,优化了数字正交解调结构.为减轻数据存储和传输的压力,实现了压缩比可变的分块自适应量化模块.直接射频采样简化了电路设计,提高了SAR系统的精确性和灵活性,仿真结果证明该设计技术可行、有效.     

野生和栽培马齿苋黄酮含量的比较研究

采用微波辅助乙醇浸提的方法提取马齿苋黄酮,并通过正交试验确定了最佳提取条件。结果表明,微波辅助提取的影响因素顺序为：料液比〉微波处理时间〉乙醇浓度〉微波强度;马齿苋黄酮微波辅助乙醇浸提的最佳条件为：料液比1：50（g/ml）、微波处理时间120s、乙醇浓度70%、微波强度为中高火档（648W）。提取得到野生型和栽培型马齿苋黄酮含量分别为：5.432%和5.506%。     

论隐喻理论对二语习得方法的启发

作为认知工具,隐喻的运作机制主要通过理解另外一物来认识某一事物.这个跨域映射认知过程也可以理解为以旧的、已经拥有的知识去了解体会新的知识.作为二语习得的教学过程,中国的外语学习者总是以本身所积累的旧知识,去理解和体会新的知识.因此,从这个角度来讲,二语习得的过程,本身就是一个跨越不同领域的认知过程.该文以此为切入点,探讨隐喻可以作为外语教学手段,通过指导学生运用意象图式理论来理解第二语言的语言现象,以促使学习效果的提高.     

本尼迪克特的意义：教育人类学的视角

《文化模式》一书奠定了本尼迪克特在人类学界的地位,《菊花与刀》则是本尼迪克特运用她的“文化模式”理论研究异己文化的成功例证。对这两部著作进行内在向度和外在向度的深刻解读,探求作者的研究视角、方法与理论框架对教育人类学的研究具有方法论上的启迪和意义。     

阅读——图书馆生生不息的有机体 ——兼评让·马里·古勒莫的《图书馆之恋》

《图书馆之恋》记录作者从识字阅读开始与图书馆结下的深厚情缘,让图书馆人深刻体会读者对图书馆的那份深情。“阅读”作为图书馆存在并得以生生不息发展的原动力,现在乃至将来仍然是图书馆赖以传承和变革的出发点和落脚点。《图书馆之恋》可以让我们从读者的角度更客观、理性地认识和理解图书馆,从而更好地面对读者,思考阅读在图书馆发展的未来。     

二语词汇学习自主性的培养

为了检测词汇自主学习策略培训对词汇水平的影响,以及词汇自主学习策略培训对于不同语言水平的学生是否有不同的效果,试验以158名大一新生为研究对象.试验组接受了为期14周的自主学习策略培训,而对照组不接受培训.所有参加试验的学生都参加了两次词汇水平测试,分别作为前测试和后测试.测试的结果用独立样本T检验和多因素方差检测来分析.分析结果表明自主学习策略的培训对于提高不同语言水平学生的词汇水平同样有效.