树脂法吸附提取扶桑花红色素的研究

以扶桑花为原料,用树脂法吸附提取扶桑花红色素,得到最佳提取工艺条件.实验结果表明,HPD-300树脂对扶桑花红色素的吸附效果最好,用80%乙醇作洗脱剂,可获得优质天然红色素.HPD-300树脂稳定性良好,使用8次后,其吸附能力无明显减弱.     

糖类及其衍生物对马铃薯块茎形成的影响

采用可溶性单、双糖模拟高浓度蔗糖,并使用糖的吸收代谢抑制剂对氯汞基苯磺酸、根皮苷、葡萄糖胺和糖类衍生物的添加等方法探讨高浓度糖在马铃薯（Solarium tuberosum L．）块茎形成中的作用．结果表明,高浓度蔗糖诱导块茎发生,不是通过其产生的渗透胁迫因子实现,葡萄糖和蔗糖诱导结薯不是因为膜两端的浓度差引起,可能是跨膜运输或胞内代谢引起．对氯汞基苯磺酸能阻断蔗糖诱导结薯作用,但对葡萄糖诱导作用无显著影响．根皮苷能部分阻断蔗糖诱导结薯作用,可完全阻断葡萄糖诱导结薯作用．蔗糖诱导块茎形成主要通过蔗糖本身来实现．葡萄糖胺对蔗糖和葡萄糖诱导结薯作用无显著影响．2-脱氧葡萄糖、3-氧-甲基葡萄糖、L型葡萄糖不能诱导块茎形成．     

防止软籽石榴外植体褐变的研究

为降低软籽石榴组培过程中外植体褐化程度,从外植体表面消毒时间、转瓶间隔时间、培养基的硬度、吸附剂的使用方面进行了综合试验。结果表明:表面消毒最适时间为7～9min,10d转瓶1次降低褐化的效果较好;使用硬度为5g/L琼脂的MS培养基,并添加0.1 mg/LNAA+0.1mg/LIBA+1.0mg/L6-BA+30g/L蔗糖+聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)2g/L可有效控制褐变并获得较高的愈伤诱导率。     

银杏叶活性成分的提取与研究进展

综述银杏叶活性成分的化学组成、应用价值、提取工艺、测定方法及其制剂质量控制的最新研究进展 ,讨论我国银杏叶相关产业的研究开发     

重金属复合胁迫对酢酱草抗氧化酶系统的影响

采用盆栽法考察不同质量浓度的Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb、As 5种重金属复合胁迫对酢酱草抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示随着重金属处理浓度梯度的增加,酢酱草过氧化物酶(POD)活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、脯氨酸(PRO)含量及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量先升高后降低;而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性逐渐下降。结果表明酢酱草在重金属复合胁迫下能防御性的增加POD酶活性、SOD酶活性、PRO含量及GSH含量以减少逆环境的伤害,而重金属复合胁迫浓度过高则会导致酢酱草抗氧化酶系统受到明显损害,生长受到很大程度的抑制。     

银杏雌性生殖器官的形态学本质及其系统学意义

关于古老裸子植物银杏Ginkgo biloba L.雌性生殖器官形态学本质的问题争论 很多,因此这一类群的分类位置尚存争议。本文进一步发展了Florin提出的“种鳞复合 体(Seed-scale complex)”概念,提出解释裸子植物生殖器官形态演化的“苞鳞一种鳞复 合体(Bract-scale and seed-scale complex)概念和演化理论,并试图用以解释银杏的生 殖器官形态学本质和裸子植物系统发育的有关问题。由银杏着生胚珠的结构(Ovuliferous structure)生于可育短枝上鳞状叶叶腋的事实,赞同该结构为次级轴性(枝性)性质,提 出该次级轴性结构及连同下部的鳞状叶相当于裸子植物大部分类群所具有的苞鳞—种 鳞复合体(Bract-scale and seed-scale complex),并保留了较多的原始古老性质,可能 代表着苞鳞—种鳞复合体较原始的形态式样。该结构的鳞状叶与可育短枝上正常的营 养叶均为不育苞片的性质,鳞状叶叶腋生出的长柄则是次级轴性结构的次生性伸长,长 柄上部二分叉的着生胚珠结构相当于该次级轴性器官仅存的极度退化的二枚可育叶性器 官,而整个可育短枝相当于一个分化程度很低的复合大孢子叶球。银杏生殖器官中的某 些性状与苏铁十分相似,但由于苞鳞一种鳞复合体的出现,标志着这一类群已远较苏铁特 化,并应与所有具苞鳞—种鳞复合体的类群在同一条演化线上,即苞鳞—种鳞复合体 演化线(Bract-scale and seed-scale complex evolutionary line,BS-line),而不具苞鳞 —种鳞复合体的苏铁类(Cycas)则构成裸子植物中的苏铁演化线(Cycas evolutionary line,C-line)。银杏大孢子叶球的式样,可能代表着裸子植物一种早期的原始大苞子叶 球式样,为古裸子植物不甚分化的可育枝条向高度压缩和变态的可育枝条(苞鳞一种鳞复合体及典型的球果)演化的一种中间过渡式样。     

中国鹤虱属新植物

Two new species and one new variety are described from China.  They are L.ramulosa, L. gansuensis and L. microcarpa var. heterogenea.     

中国红豆杉属植物的濒危原因及可持续利用对策

地理分布的局限性、竞争能力的脆弱性、天然更新的缓慢性、生境变化的无限性及粗放经营的掠夺性是导致中国红豆杉属（Taxus L)植物濒危的主要原因。可持续利用对策包括建立自然保护区、营建种植基因库及划建经济林开发区等。     

Technological knowledge base, R&D organization structure and alliance formation: Evidence from the biopharmaceutical industry

We explore how an incumbent firm's internal knowledge and organization structure influences its strategic alliance formation. We propose that the firm's knowledge breadth and the centrality of its R&D organization structure positively influence its absorptive capacity, and consequently, its propensity to form strategic alliances. We also argue that the centrality of the R&D organization structure may be a substitute for the breadth of the knowledge base. We validate our ideas using data on 2647 strategic alliances formed over the period of 1993-2002 by 43 major biopharmaceutical firms in the U.S. and Europe. Our discussion focuses on the application of the knowledge-based view of the firm to strategic alliance research. The implications for public policy in the biopharmaceutical industry are also emphasized.     

Selective revealing in open innovation processes: The case of embedded Linux

This paper provides a quantitative study (N = 268) of patterns of free revealing of firm-developed innovations within embedded Linux, a type of open source software (OSS). I find that firms, without being obliged to do so, contribute many of their own developments back to public embedded Linux code, eliciting and indeed receiving informal development support from other firms. That is, they perform a part of their product development open to the public—an unthinkable idea for traditionally minded managers. Such openness obviously entails the challenge of protecting one's intellectual property. I find that firms address this issue by revealing selectively. They reveal, on average, about half of the code they have developed, while protecting the other half by various means. Revealing is strongly heterogeneous among firms. Multivariate analysis can partly explain this heterogeneity by firm characteristics and the firm's purpose behind revealing. An analysis of reasons for revealing and of the type of revealed code shows that different types of firms have different rationales for openness. Implications for management are that the conflict between downsides and benefits of openness appears manageable. Provided selective revealing is practiced deliberately, the opportunities of open development dominate.